BEGIN(0) - phpMan

BEGIN()                                    SQL Commands                                   BEGIN()



NAME
       BEGIN - start a transaction block


SYNOPSIS
       BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]

       where transaction_mode is one of:

           ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED }
           READ WRITE | READ ONLY


DESCRIPTION
       BEGIN initiates a transaction block, that is, all statements after a BEGIN command will be
       executed in a single transaction until an explicit COMMIT [commit(7)] or  ROLLBACK  [roll-
       back(l)]  is  given.   By  default  (without  BEGIN),  PostgreSQL executes transactions in
       ``autocommit'' mode, that is, each statement is executed in its own transaction and a com-
       mit is implicitly performed at the end of the statement (if execution was successful, oth-
       erwise a rollback is done).

       Statements  are  executed  more  quickly  in  a  transaction  block,  because  transaction
       start/commit  requires significant CPU and disk activity. Execution of multiple statements
       inside a transaction is also useful to ensure  consistency  when  making  several  related
       changes:  other sessions will be unable to see the intermediate states wherein not all the
       related updates have been done.

       If the isolation level or read/write mode is specified,  the  new  transaction  has  those
       characteristics, as if SET TRANSACTION [set_transaction(7)] was executed.

PARAMETERS
       WORK

       TRANSACTION
              Optional key words. They have no effect.

       Refer  to SET TRANSACTION [set_transaction(7)] for information on the meaning of the other
       parameters to this statement.


NOTES
       START TRANSACTION [start_transaction(7)] has the same functionality as BEGIN.

       Use COMMIT [commit(7)] or ROLLBACK [rollback(7)] to terminate a transaction block.

       Issuing BEGIN when already inside a transaction block will provoke a warning message.  The
       state  of  the  transaction  is  not  affected.  To nest transactions within a transaction
       block, use savepoints (see SAVEPOINT [savepoint(7)]).

       For reasons of backwards compatibility, the commas  between  successive  transaction_modes
       can be omitted.

EXAMPLES
       To begin a transaction block:

       BEGIN;


COMPATIBILITY
       BEGIN  is  a  PostgreSQL  language extension. It is equivalent to the SQL-standard command
       START TRANSACTION [start_transaction(7)], whose reference page contains additional compat-
       ibility information.

       Incidentally,  the BEGIN key word is used for a different purpose in embedded SQL. You are
       advised to be careful about the transaction semantics when porting database  applications.

SEE ALSO
       COMMIT  [commit(7)],  ROLLBACK  [rollback(l)],  START  TRANSACTION [start_transaction(l)],
       SAVEPOINT [savepoint(l)]



SQL - Language Statements                   2011-09-22                                    BEGIN()

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