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File::Copy(3perl) Perl Programmers Reference Guide File::Copy(3perl)
NAME
File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
SYNOPSIS
use File::Copy;
copy("file1","file2") or die "Copy failed: $!";
copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT);
move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");
use File::Copy "cp";
$n = FileHandle->new("/a/file","r");
cp($n,"x");
DESCRIPTION
The File::Copy module provides two basic functions, "copy" and "move", which are useful
for getting the contents of a file from one place to another.
copy
The "copy" function takes two parameters: a file to copy from and a file to copy to.
Either argument may be a string, a FileHandle reference or a FileHandle glob.
Obviously, if the first argument is a filehandle of some sort, it will be read from,
and if it is a file name it will be opened for reading. Likewise, the second argument
will be written to (and created if need be). Trying to copy a file on top of itself
is a fatal error.
Note that passing in files as handles instead of names may lead to loss of information
on some operating systems; it is recommended that you use file names whenever
possible. Files are opened in binary mode where applicable. To get a consistent
behaviour when copying from a filehandle to a file, use "binmode" on the filehandle.
An optional third parameter can be used to specify the buffer size used for copying.
This is the number of bytes from the first file, that will be held in memory at any
given time, before being written to the second file. The default buffer size depends
upon the file, but will generally be the whole file (up to 2MB), or 1k for filehandles
that do not reference files (eg. sockets).
You may use the syntax "use File::Copy "cp"" to get at the "cp" alias for this
function. The syntax is exactly the same.
move
The "move" function also takes two parameters: the current name and the intended name
of the file to be moved. If the destination already exists and is a directory, and
the source is not a directory, then the source file will be renamed into the directory
specified by the destination.
If possible, move() will simply rename the file. Otherwise, it copies the file to the
new location and deletes the original. If an error occurs during this copy-and-delete
process, you may be left with a (possibly partial) copy of the file under the
destination name.
You may use the "mv" alias for this function in the same way that you may use the "cp"
alias for "copy".
syscopy
File::Copy also provides the "syscopy" routine, which copies the file specified in the
first parameter to the file specified in the second parameter, preserving OS-specific
attributes and file structure. For Unix systems, this is equivalent to the simple
"copy" routine, which doesn't preserve OS-specific attributes. For VMS systems, this
calls the "rmscopy" routine (see below). For OS/2 systems, this calls the "syscopy"
XSUB directly. For Win32 systems, this calls "Win32::CopyFile".
On Mac OS (Classic), "syscopy" calls "Mac::MoreFiles::FSpFileCopy", if available.
Special behaviour if "syscopy" is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32):
If both arguments to "copy" are not file handles, then "copy" will perform a "system
copy" of the input file to a new output file, in order to preserve file attributes,
indexed file structure, etc. The buffer size parameter is ignored. If either
argument to "copy" is a handle to an opened file, then data is copied using Perl
operators, and no effort is made to preserve file attributes or record structure.
The system copy routine may also be called directly under VMS and OS/2 as
"File::Copy::syscopy" (or under VMS as "File::Copy::rmscopy", which is the routine
that does the actual work for syscopy).
rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
The first and second arguments may be strings, typeglobs, typeglob references, or
objects inheriting from IO::Handle; they are used in all cases to obtain the filespec
of the input and output files, respectively. The name and type of the input file are
used as defaults for the output file, if necessary.
A new version of the output file is always created, which inherits the structure and
RMS attributes of the input file, except for owner and protections (and possibly
timestamps; see below). All data from the input file is copied to the output file; if
either of the first two parameters to "rmscopy" is a file handle, its position is
unchanged. (Note that this means a file handle pointing to the output file will be
associated with an old version of that file after "rmscopy" returns, not the newly
created version.)
The third parameter is an integer flag, which tells "rmscopy" how to handle
timestamps. If it is < 0, none of the input file's timestamps are propagated to the
output file. If it is > 0, then it is interpreted as a bitmask: if bit 0 (the LSB) is
set, then timestamps other than the revision date are propagated; if bit 1 is set, the
revision date is propagated. If the third parameter to "rmscopy" is 0, then it
behaves much like the DCL COPY command: if the name or type of the output file was
explicitly specified, then no timestamps are propagated, but if they were taken
implicitly from the input filespec, then all timestamps other than the revision date
are propagated. If this parameter is not supplied, it defaults to 0.
Like "copy", "rmscopy" returns 1 on success. If an error occurs, it sets $!, deletes
the output file, and returns 0.
RETURN
All functions return 1 on success, 0 on failure. $! will be set if an error was
encountered.
NOTES
o On Mac OS (Classic), the path separator is ':', not '/', and the current directory is
denoted as ':', not '.'. You should be careful about specifying relative pathnames.
While a full path always begins with a volume name, a relative pathname should always
begin with a ':'. If specifying a volume name only, a trailing ':' is required.
E.g.
copy("file1", "tmp"); # creates the file 'tmp' in the current directory
copy("file1", ":tmp:"); # creates :tmp:file1
copy("file1", ":tmp"); # same as above
copy("file1", "tmp"); # same as above, if 'tmp' is a directory (but don't do
# that, since it may cause confusion, see example #1)
copy("file1", "tmp:file1"); # error, since 'tmp:' is not a volume
copy("file1", ":tmp:file1"); # ok, partial path
copy("file1", "DataHD:"); # creates DataHD:file1
move("MacintoshHD:fileA", "DataHD:fileB"); # moves (doesn't copy) files from one
# volume to another
AUTHOR
File::Copy was written by Aaron Sherman <ajs AT ajs.com> in 1995, and updated by Charles
Bailey <bailey AT newman.edu> in 1996.
perl v5.10.0 2011-06-30 File::Copy(3perl)
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