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Pod::Man(3perl) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Pod::Man(3perl)
NAME
Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
SYNOPSIS
use Pod::Man;
my $parser = Pod::Man->new (release => $VERSION, section => 8);
# Read POD from STDIN and write to STDOUT.
$parser->parse_file (\*STDIN);
# Read POD from file.pod and write to file.1.
$parser->parse_from_file ('file.pod', 'file.1');
DESCRIPTION
Pod::Man is a module to convert documentation in the POD format (the preferred language
for documenting Perl) into *roff input using the man macro set. The resulting *roff code
is suitable for display on a terminal using nroff(1), normally via man(1), or printing
using troff(1). It is conventionally invoked using the driver script pod2man, but it can
also be used directly.
As a derived class from Pod::Simple, Pod::Man supports the same methods and interfaces.
See Pod::Simple for all the details.
new() can take options, in the form of key/value pairs that control the behavior of the
parser. See below for details.
If no options are given, Pod::Man uses the name of the input file with any trailing
".pod", ".pm", or ".pl" stripped as the man page title, to section 1 unless the file ended
in ".pm" in which case it defaults to section 3, to a centered title of "User Contributed
Perl Documentation", to a centered footer of the Perl version it is run with, and to a
left-hand footer of the modification date of its input (or the current date if given STDIN
for input).
Pod::Man assumes that your *roff formatters have a fixed-width font named CW. If yours is
called something else (like CR), use the "fixed" option to specify it. This generally
only matters for troff output for printing. Similarly, you can set the fonts used for
bold, italic, and bold italic fixed-width output.
Besides the obvious pod conversions, Pod::Man also takes care of formatting func(),
func(3), and simple variable references like $foo or @bar so you don't have to use code
escapes for them; complex expressions like $fred{'stuff'} will still need to be escaped,
though. It also translates dashes that aren't used as hyphens into en dashes, makes long
dashes--like this--into proper em dashes, fixes "paired quotes," makes C++ look right,
puts a little space between double underbars, makes ALLCAPS a teeny bit smaller in troff,
and escapes stuff that *roff treats as special so that you don't have to.
The recognized options to new() are as follows. All options take a single argument.
center
Sets the centered page header to use instead of "User Contributed Perl Documentation".
date
Sets the left-hand footer. By default, the modification date of the input file will
be used, or the current date if stat() can't find that file (the case if the input is
from STDIN), and the date will be formatted as YYYY-MM-DD.
fixed
The fixed-width font to use for vertabim text and code. Defaults to CW. Some systems
may want CR instead. Only matters for troff output.
fixedbold
Bold version of the fixed-width font. Defaults to CB. Only matters for troff output.
fixeditalic
Italic version of the fixed-width font (actually, something of a misnomer, since most
fixed-width fonts only have an oblique version, not an italic version). Defaults to
CI. Only matters for troff output.
fixedbolditalic
Bold italic (probably actually oblique) version of the fixed-width font. Pod::Man
doesn't assume you have this, and defaults to CB. Some systems (such as Solaris) have
this font available as CX. Only matters for troff output.
name
Set the name of the manual page. Without this option, the manual name is set to the
uppercased base name of the file being converted unless the manual section is 3, in
which case the path is parsed to see if it is a Perl module path. If it is, a path
like ".../lib/Pod/Man.pm" is converted into a name like "Pod::Man". This option, if
given, overrides any automatic determination of the name.
quotes
Sets the quote marks used to surround C<> text. If the value is a single character,
it is used as both the left and right quote; if it is two characters, the first
character is used as the left quote and the second as the right quoted; and if it is
four characters, the first two are used as the left quote and the second two as the
right quote.
This may also be set to the special value "none", in which case no quote marks are
added around C<> text (but the font is still changed for troff output).
release
Set the centered footer. By default, this is the version of Perl you run Pod::Man
under. Note that some system an macro sets assume that the centered footer will be a
modification date and will prepend something like "Last modified: "; if this is the
case, you may want to set "release" to the last modified date and "date" to the
version number.
section
Set the section for the ".TH" macro. The standard section numbering convention is to
use 1 for user commands, 2 for system calls, 3 for functions, 4 for devices, 5 for
file formats, 6 for games, 7 for miscellaneous information, and 8 for administrator
commands. There is a lot of variation here, however; some systems (like Solaris) use
4 for file formats, 5 for miscellaneous information, and 7 for devices. Still others
use 1m instead of 8, or some mix of both. About the only section numbers that are
reliably consistent are 1, 2, and 3.
By default, section 1 will be used unless the file ends in .pm in which case section 3
will be selected.
utf8
By default, Pod::Man produces the most conservative possible *roff output to try to
ensure that it will work with as many different *roff implementations as possible.
Many *roff implementations cannot handle non-ASCII characters, so this means all non-
ASCII characters are converted either to a *roff escape sequence that tries to create
a properly accented character (at least for troff output) or to "X".
If this option is set, Pod::Man will instead output UTF-8. If your *roff
implementation can handle it, this is the best output format to use and avoids
corruption of documents containing non-ASCII characters. However, be warned that
*roff source with literal UTF-8 characters is not supported by many implementations
and may even result in segfaults and other bad behavior.
Be aware that, when using this option, the input encoding of your POD source must be
properly declared unless it is US-ASCII or Latin-1. POD input without an "=encoding"
command will be assumed to be in Latin-1, and if it's actually in UTF-8, the output
will be double-encoded. See perlpod(1) for more information on the "=encoding"
command.
The standard Pod::Simple method parse_file() takes one argument naming the POD file to
read from. By default, the output is sent to STDOUT, but this can be changed with the
output_fd() method.
The standard Pod::Simple method parse_from_file() takes up to two arguments, the first
being the input file to read POD from and the second being the file to write the formatted
output to.
You can also call parse_lines() to parse an array of lines or parse_string_document() to
parse a document already in memory. To put the output into a string instead of a file
handle, call the output_string() method. See Pod::Simple for the specific details.
DIAGNOSTICS
roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s"
(F) You specified a *roff font (using "fixed", "fixedbold", etc.) that wasn't either
one or two characters. Pod::Man doesn't support *roff fonts longer than two
characters, although some *roff extensions do (the canonical versions of nroff and
troff don't either).
Invalid quote specification "%s"
(F) The quote specification given (the quotes option to the constructor) was invalid.
A quote specification must be one, two, or four characters long.
BUGS
Encoding handling assumes that PerlIO is available and does not work properly if it isn't
since encode and decode do not work well in combination with PerlIO encoding layers. It's
very unclear how to correctly handle this without PerlIO encoding layers. The "utf8"
option is therefore not supported unless Perl is built with PerlIO support.
There is currently no way to turn off the guesswork that tries to format unmarked text
appropriately, and sometimes it isn't wanted (particularly when using POD to document
something other than Perl). Most of the work towards fixing this has now been done,
however, and all that's still needed is a user interface.
The NAME section should be recognized specially and index entries emitted for everything
in that section. This would have to be deferred until the next section, since extraneous
things in NAME tends to confuse various man page processors. Currently, no index entries
are emitted for anything in NAME.
Pod::Man doesn't handle font names longer than two characters. Neither do most troff
implementations, but GNU troff does as an extension. It would be nice to support as an
option for those who want to use it.
The preamble added to each output file is rather verbose, and most of it is only necessary
in the presence of non-ASCII characters. It would ideally be nice if all of those
definitions were only output if needed, perhaps on the fly as the characters are used.
Pod::Man is excessively slow.
CAVEATS
If Pod::Man is given the "utf8" option, the encoding of its output file handle will be
forced to UTF-8 if possible, overriding any existing encoding. This will be done even if
the file handle is not created by Pod::Man and was passed in from outside. This seems to
be the only way to consistently enforce UTF-8-encoded output regardless of PERL_UNICODE
and other settings.
The handling of hyphens and em dashes is somewhat fragile, and one may get the wrong one
under some circumstances. This should only matter for troff output.
When and whether to use small caps is somewhat tricky, and Pod::Man doesn't necessarily
get it right.
Converting neutral double quotes to properly matched double quotes doesn't work unless
there are no formatting codes between the quote marks. This only matters for troff
output.
AUTHOR
Russ Allbery <rra AT stanford.edu>, based very heavily on the original pod2man by Tom
Christiansen <tchrist AT mox.com>. The modifications to work with Pod::Simple instead
of Pod::Parser were originally contributed by Sean Burke (but I've since hacked them
beyond recognition and all bugs are mine).
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 by Russ Allbery
<rra AT stanford.edu>.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO
Pod::Simple, perlpod(1), pod2man(1), nroff(1), troff(1), man(1), man(7)
Ossanna, Joseph F., and Brian W. Kernighan. "Troff User's Manual," Computing Science
Technical Report No. 54, AT&T Bell Laboratories. This is the best documentation of
standard nroff and troff. At the time of this writing, it's available at
<http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/cstr.html>.
The man page documenting the man macro set may be man(5) instead of man(7) on your system.
Also, please see pod2man(1) for extensive documentation on writing manual pages if you've
not done it before and aren't familiar with the conventions.
The current version of this module is always available from its web site at
<http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/podlators/>. It is also part of the Perl core
distribution as of 5.6.0.
perl v5.10.0 2011-06-30 Pod::Man(3perl)
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