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APT-GET(8) APT-GET(8)
NAME
apt-get - APT package handling utility -- command-line interface
SYNOPSIS
apt-get [-sqdyfmubV] [-o= config_string ] [-c= config_file ]
[-t= { target_release_name | target_release_number_expression }] {update | upgrade
| dselect-upgrade | dist-upgrade |
install pkg [ { =pkg_version_number | /target_release_name } ] ... |
remove pkg... | purge pkg... | source pkg [ =pkg_version_number ] ... |
build-dep pkg... | check | clean | autoclean | autoremove | {-v | --version} |
{-h | --help}}
DESCRIPTION
apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered the user's
"back-end" to other tools using the APT library. Several "front-end" interfaces exist,
such as dselect(8), aptitude(8), synaptic(8), gnome-apt(1) and wajig(1).
Unless the -h, or --help option is given, one of the commands below must be present.
update
update is used to resynchronize the package index files from their sources. The
indexes of available packages are fetched from the location(s) specified in
/etc/apt/sources.list. For example, when using a Debian archive, this command
retrieves and scans the Packages.gz files, so that information about new and updated
packages is available. An update should always be performed before an upgrade or
dist-upgrade. Please be aware that the overall progress meter will be incorrect as the
size of the package files cannot be known in advance.
upgrade
upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently installed on
the system from the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently
installed with new versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no
circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages not already
installed retrieved and installed. New versions of currently installed packages that
cannot be upgraded without changing the install status of another package will be left
at their current version. An update must be performed first so that apt-get knows that
new versions of packages are available.
dselect-upgrade
dselect-upgrade is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian packaging
front-end, dselect(8). dselect-upgrade follows the changes made by dselect(8) to the
Status field of available packages, and performs the actions necessary to realize that
state (for instance, the removal of old and the installation of new packages).
dist-upgrade
dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade, also intelligently
handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages; apt-get has a "smart"
conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages
at the expense of less important ones if necessary. So, dist-upgrade command may
remove some packages. The /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from
which to retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for a mechanism
for overriding the general settings for individual packages.
install
install is followed by one or more packages desired for installation or upgrading.
Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified filename (for instance, in a
Debian GNU/Linux system, libc6 would be the argument provided, not libc6_1.9.6-2.deb).
All packages required by the package(s) specified for installation will also be
retrieved and installed. The /etc/apt/sources.list file is used to locate the desired
packages. If a hyphen is appended to the package name (with no intervening space), the
identified package will be removed if it is installed. Similarly a plus sign can be
used to designate a package to install. These latter features may be used to override
decisions made by apt-get's conflict resolution system.
A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by following the
package name with an equals and the version of the package to select. This will cause
that version to be located and selected for install. Alternatively a specific
distribution can be selected by following the package name with a slash and the
version of the distribution or the Archive name (stable, testing, unstable).
Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be used with
care.
This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more already-installed
packages without upgrading every package you have on your system. Unlike the "upgrade"
target, which installs the newest version of all currently installed packages,
"install" will install the newest version of only the package(s) specified. Simply
provide the name of the package(s) you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is
available, it (and its dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and
installed.
Finally, the apt_preferences(5) mechanism allows you to create an alternative
installation policy for individual packages.
If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one of '.', '?'
or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and it is applied to all
package names in the database. Any matches are then installed (or removed). Note that
matching is done by substring so 'lo.*' matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is
undesired, anchor the regular expression with a '^' or '$' character, or create a more
specific regular expression.
remove
remove is identical to install except that packages are removed instead of installed.
Note the removing a package leaves its configuration files in system. If a plus sign
is appended to the package name (with no intervening space), the identified package
will be installed instead of removed.
purge
purge is identical to remove except that packages are removed and purged (any
configuration files are deleted too).
source
source causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT will examine the available
packages to decide which source package to fetch. It will then find and download into
the current directory the newest available version of that source package. Source
packages are tracked separately from binary packages via deb-src type lines in the
sources.list(5) file. This probably will mean that you will not get the same source as
the package you have installed or as you could install. If the --compile options is
specified then the package will be compiled to a binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage,
if --download-only is specified then the source package will not be unpacked.
A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name with an
equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used for the package
files. This enables exact matching of the source package name and version, implicitly
enabling the APT::Get::Only-Source option.
Note that source packages are not tracked like binary packages, they exist only in the
current directory and are similar to downloading source tar balls.
build-dep
build-dep causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an attempt to satisfy the build
dependencies for a source package.
check
check is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and checks for broken
dependencies.
clean
clean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. It removes
everything but the lock file from /var/cache/apt/archives/ and
/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/. When APT is used as a dselect(8) method, clean is
run automatically. Those who do not use dselect will likely want to run apt-get clean
from time to time to free up disk space.
autoclean
Like clean, autoclean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. The
difference is that it only removes package files that can no longer be downloaded, and
are largely useless. This allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without
it growing out of control. The configuration option APT::Clean-Installed will prevent
installed packages from being erased if it is set to off.
autoremove
autoremove is used to remove packages that were automatically installed to satisfy
dependencies for some package and that are no more needed.
OPTIONS
All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the descriptions
indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean options you can override the config
file by using something like -f-,--no-f, -f=no or several other variations.
--no-install-recommends
Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration
Item: APT::Install-Recommends.
-d, --download-only
Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download-Only.
-f, --fix-broken
Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This option, when
used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT to deduce a likely
solution. Any Package that are specified must completely correct the problem. The
option is sometimes necessary when running APT for the first time; APT itself does not
allow broken package dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's
dependency structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which
usually means using dselect(8) or dpkg --remove to eliminate some of the offending
packages). Use of this option together with -m may produce an error in some
situations. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Broken.
-m, --ignore-missing, --fix-missing
Ignore missing packages; If packages cannot be retrieved or fail the integrity check
after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those packages and handle the
result. Use of this option together with -f may produce an error in some situations.
If a package is selected for installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the
command line) and it could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back.
Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Missing.
--no-download
Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with --ignore-missing to force APT
to use only the .debs it has already downloaded. Configuration Item:
APT::Get::Download.
-q, --quiet
Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators. More q's
will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use -q=# to set the quiet
level, overriding the configuration file. Note that quiet level 2 implies -y, you
should never use -qq without a no-action modifier such as -d, --print-uris or -s as
APT may decided to do something you did not expect. Configuration Item: quiet.
-s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act
No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur but do not actually change
the system. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Simulate.
Simulate prints out a series of lines each one representing a dpkg operation,
Configure (Conf), Remove (Remv), Unpack (Inst). Square brackets indicate broken
packages with and empty set of square brackets meaning breaks that are of no
consequence (rare).
-y, --yes, --assume-yes
Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run
non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held package,
trying to install a unauthenticated package or removing an essential package occurs
then apt-get will abort. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-Yes.
-u, --show-upgraded
Show upgraded packages; Print out a list of all packages that are to be upgraded.
Configuration Item: APT::Get::Show-Upgraded.
-V, --verbose-versions
Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item:
APT::Get::Show-Versions.
-b, --compile, --build
Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Compile.
--ignore-hold
Ignore package Holds; This causes apt-get to ignore a hold placed on a package. This
may be useful in conjunction with dist-upgrade to override a large number of undesired
holds. Configuration Item: APT::Ignore-Hold.
--no-upgrade
Do not upgrade packages; When used in conjunction with install, no-upgrade will
prevent packages on the command line from being upgraded if they are already
installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Upgrade.
--force-yes
Force yes; This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without
prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should not be used except
in very special situations. Using force-yes can potentially destroy your system!
Configuration Item: APT::Get::force-yes.
--print-uris
Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI will have
the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected md5 hash. Note that the
file name to write to will not always match the file name on the remote site! This
also works with the source and update commands. When used with the update command the
MD5 and size are not included, and it is up to the user to decompress any compressed
files. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Print-URIs.
--purge
Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk ("*") will
be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged. remove --purge is
equivalent for purge command. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Purge.
--reinstall
Re-Install packages that are already installed and at the newest version.
Configuration Item: APT::Get::ReInstall.
--list-cleanup
This option defaults to on, use --no-list-cleanup to turn it off. When on apt-get will
automatically manage the contents of /var/lib/apt/lists to ensure that obsolete files
are erased. The only reason to turn it off is if you frequently change your source
list. Configuration Item: APT::Get::List-Cleanup.
-t, --target-release, --default-release
This option controls the default input to the policy engine, it creates a default pin
at priority 990 using the specified release string. This overrides the general
settings in /etc/apt/preferences. Specifically pinned packages are not affected by the
value of this option. In short, this option lets you have simple control over which
distribution packages will be retrieved from. Some common examples might be -t '2.1*'
or -t unstable. Configuration Item: APT::Default-Release; see also the
apt_preferences(5) manual page.
--trivial-only
Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered related
to --assume-yes, where --assume-yes will answer yes to any prompt, --trivial-only will
answer no. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Trivial-Only.
--no-remove
If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without prompting.
Configuration Item: APT::Get::Remove.
--auto-remove
If the command is either install or remove, then this option acts like running
autoremove command, removing the unused dependency packages. Configuration Item:
APT::Get::AutomaticRemove.
--only-source
Only has meaning for the source and build-dep commands. Indicates that the given
source names are not to be mapped through the binary table. This means that if this
option is specified, these commands will only accept source package names as
arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and looking up the corresponding
source package. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Only-Source.
--diff-only, --dsc-only, --tar-only
Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration Item:
APT::Get::Diff-Only, APT::Get::Dsc-Only, and APT::Get::Tar-Only.
--arch-only
Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item:
APT::Get::Arch-Only.
--allow-unauthenticated
Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This is useful
for tools like pbuilder. Configuration Item: APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated.
-h, --help
Show a short usage summary.
-v, --version
Show the program version.
-c, --config-file
Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. The program will read the
default configuration file and then this configuration file. See apt.conf(5) for
syntax information.
-o, --option
Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary configuration option. The
syntax is -o Foo::Bar=bar. -o and --option can be used multiple times to set
different options.
FILES
/etc/apt/sources.list
Locations to fetch packages from. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceList.
/etc/apt/apt.conf
APT configuration file. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Main.
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/
APT configuration file fragments. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Parts.
/etc/apt/preferences
Version preferences file. This is where you would specify "pinning", i.e. a preference
to get certain packages from a separate source or from a different version of a
distribution. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Preferences.
/var/cache/apt/archives/
Storage area for retrieved package files. Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::Archives.
/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
Storage area for package files in transit. Configuration Item: Dir::Cache::Archives
(implicit partial).
/var/lib/apt/lists/
Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in
sources.list(5) Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists.
/var/lib/apt/lists/partial/
Storage area for state information in transit. Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists
(implicit partial).
SEE ALSO
apt-cache(8), apt-cdrom(8), dpkg(8), dselect(8), sources.list(5), apt.conf(5), apt-
config(8), apt-secure(8), The APT User's guide in /usr/share/doc/apt-doc/,
apt_preferences(5), the APT Howto.
DIAGNOSTICS
apt-get returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.
ORIGINAL AUTHORS
Jason Gunthorpe
CURRENT AUTHORS
APT team
QA Page[1]
BUGS
APT bug page[2]. If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see
/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt or the reportbug(1) command.
AUTHORS
Jason Gunthorpe
Author.
APT team
Author.
NOTES
1. QA Page
http://packages.qa.debian.org/a/apt.html
2. APT bug page
http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt
Linux 08 November 2008 APT-GET(8)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2012-05-25 17:26 @38.107.179.239 Crawled by CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)