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etags(1) GNU Tools etags(1)
NAME
etags, ctags - generate tag file for Emacs, vi
SYNOPSIS
etags [-aCDGImRVh] [-i file] [-l language]
[-o tagfile] [-r regexp]
[--append] [--no-defines] [--no-globals] [--include=file] [--ignore-indentation]
[--language=language] [--members] [--output=tagfile] [--regex=regexp] [--no-regex]
[--ignore-case-regex=regexp] [--help] [--version] file ...
ctags [-aCdgImRVh] [-BtTuvwx] [-l language]
[-o tagfile] [-r regexp]
[--append] [--backward-search] [--cxref] [--defines] [--forward-search] [--globals]
[--ignore-indentation] [--language=language] [--members] [--output=tagfile]
[--regex=regexp] [--ignore-case-regex=regexp] [--typedefs] [--typedefs-and-c++] [--update]
[--no-warn] [--help] [--version] file ...
DESCRIPTION
The etags program is used to create a tag table file, in a format understood by emacs(1);
the ctags program is used to create a similar table in a format understood by vi(1). Both
forms of the program understand the syntax of C, Objective C, C++, Java, Fortran, Ada,
Cobol, Erlang, LaTeX, Emacs Lisp/Common Lisp, makefiles, Pascal, Perl, Postscript, Python,
Prolog, Scheme and most assembler-like syntaxes. Both forms read the files specified on
the command line, and write a tag table (defaults: TAGS for etags, tags for ctags) in the
current working directory. Files specified with relative file names will be recorded in
the tag table with file names relative to the directory where the tag table resides.
Files specified with absolute file names will be recorded with absolute file names. The
programs recognize the language used in an input file based on its file name and contents.
The --language switch can be used to force parsing of the file names following the switch
according to the given language, overriding guesses based on filename extensions.
OPTIONS
Some options make sense only for the vi style tag files produced by ctags; etags does not
recognize them. The programs accept unambiguous abbreviations for long option names.
-a, --append
Append to existing tag file. (For vi-format tag files, see also --update.)
-B, --backward-search
Tag files written in the format expected by vi contain regular expression search
instructions; the -B option writes them using the delimiter `?', to search back-
wards through files. The default is to use the delimiter `/', to search forwards
through files. Only ctags accepts this option.
--declarations
In C and derived languages, create tags for function declarations, and create tags
for extern variables unless --no-globals is used.
-d, --defines
Create tag entries for C preprocessor constant definitions and enum constants, too.
This is the default behavior for etags.
-D, --no-defines
Do not create tag entries for C preprocessor constant definitions and enum con-
stants. This may make the tags file much smaller if many header files are tagged.
This is the default behavior for ctags.
-g, --globals
Create tag entries for global variables in C, C++, Objective C, Java, and Perl.
This is the default behavior for etags.
-G, --no-globals
Do not tag global variables. Typically this reduces the file size by one fourth.
This is the default behavior for ctags.
-i file, --include=file
Include a note in the tag file indicating that, when searching for a tag, one
should also consult the tags file file after checking the current file. This op-
tions is only accepted by etags.
-I, --ignore-indentation
Don't rely on indentation as much as we normally do. Currently, this means not to
assume that a closing brace in the first column is the final brace of a function or
structure definition in C and C++.
-l language, --language=language
Parse the following files according to the given language. More than one such op-
tions may be intermixed with filenames. Use --help to get a list of the available
languages and their default filename extensions. The `auto' language can be used
to restore automatic detection of language based on the file name. The `none' lan-
guage may be used to disable language parsing altogether; only regexp matching is
done in this case (see the --regex option).
-m, --members
Create tag entries for variables that are members of structure-like constructs in
C++, Objective C, Java.
-M, --no-members
Do not tag member variables. This is the default behavior.
--packages-only
Only tag packages in Ada files.
-o tagfile, --output=tagfile
Explicit name of file for tag table; overrides default TAGS or tags. (But ignored
with -v or -x.)
-r regexp, --regex=regexp
--ignore-case-regex=regexp
Make tags based on regexp matching for each line of the files following this op-
tion, in addition to the tags made with the standard parsing based on language.
When using --regex, case is significant, while it is not with --ignore-case-regex.
May be freely intermixed with filenames and the -R option. The regexps are cumula-
tive, i.e. each option will add to the previous ones. The regexps are of the form:
/tagregexp[/nameregexp]/
where tagregexp is used to match the lines that must be tagged. It should not
match useless characters. If the match is such that more characters than needed
are unavoidably matched by tagregexp, it may be useful to add a nameregexp, to nar-
row down the tag scope. ctags ignores regexps without a nameregexp. The syntax of
regexps is the same as in emacs, augmented with intervals of the form \{m,n\}, as
in ed or grep.
Here are some examples. All the regexps are quoted to protect them from shell in-
terpretation.
Tag the DEFVAR macros in the emacs source files:
--regex='/[ \t]*DEFVAR_[A-Z_ \t(]+"\([^"]+\)"'
Tag VHDL files (this example is a single long line, broken here for formatting rea-
sons):
--language=none --regex='/[ \t]*\(ARCHITECTURE\|\ CONFIGURA-
TION\) +[^ ]* +OF/' --regex='/[ \t]*\ \(ATTRIBUTE\|ENTITY\|FUNCTION\|PACK-
AGE\( BODY\)?\ \|PROCEDURE\|PROCESS\|TYPE\)[ \t]+\([^ \t(]+\)/\3/'
Tag TCL files (this last example shows the usage of a tagregexp):
--lang=none --regex='/proc[ \t]+\([^ \t]+\)/\1/'
A regexp can be preceded by {lang}, thus restricting it to match lines of files of
the specified language. Use etags --help to obtain a list of the recognised lan-
guages. This feature is particularly useful inside regex files. A regex file con-
tains one regex per line. Empty lines, and those lines beginning with space or tab
are ignored. Lines beginning with @ are references to regex files whose name fol-
lows the @ sign. Other lines are considered regular expressions like those follow-
ing --regex.
For example, the command
etags --regex=@regex.file *.c
reads the regexes contained in the file regex.file.
-R, --no-regex
Don't do any more regexp matching on the following files. May be freely intermixed
with filenames and the --regex option.
-t, --typedefs
Record typedefs in C code as tags. Since this is the default behaviour of etags,
only ctags accepts this option.
-T, --typedefs-and-c++
Generate tag entries for typedefs, struct, enum, and union tags, and C++ member
functions. Since this is the default behaviour of etags, only ctags accepts this
option.
-u, --update
Update tag entries for files specified on command line, leaving tag entries for
other files in place. Currently, this is implemented by deleting the existing en-
tries for the given files and then rewriting the new entries at the end of the tags
file. It is often faster to simply rebuild the entire tag file than to use this.
Only ctags accepts this option.
-v, --vgrind
Instead of generating a tag file, write index (in vgrind format) to standard out-
put. Only ctags accepts this option.
-w, --no-warn
Suppress warning messages about duplicate entries. The etags program does not
check for duplicate entries, so this option is not allowed with it.
-x, --cxref
Instead of generating a tag file, write a cross reference (in cxref format) to
standard output. Only ctags accepts this option.
-h, -H, --help
Print usage information.
-V, --version
Print the current version of the program (same as the version of the emacs etags is
shipped with).
SEE ALSO
`emacs' entry in info; GNU Emacs Manual, Richard Stallman.
cxref(1), emacs(1), vgrind(1), vi(1).
COPYING
Copyright (c) 1999, 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of
the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-
Cover Texts.
This document is part of a collection distributed under the GNU Free Documentation Li-
cense. If you want to distribute this document separately from the collection, you can do
so by adding a copy of the license to the document, as described in section 6 of the li-
cense. A copy of the license is included in the gfdl(1) man page, and in the section en-
titled "GNU Free Documentation License" in the Emacs manual.
GNU Tools 08apr2001 etags(1)
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