gtbl(1) - phpMan

TBL(1) TBL(1)

NAME
tbl - format tables for troff

SYNOPSIS
tbl [ -Cv ] [ files... ]

DESCRIPTION
This manual page describes the GNU version of tbl, which is part of the groff document
formatting system. tbl compiles descriptions of tables embedded within troff input files
into commands that are understood by troff. Normally, it should be invoked using the -t
option of groff. It is highly compatible with Unix tbl. The output generated by GNU tbl
cannot be processed with Unix troff; it must be processed with GNU troff. If no files are
given on the command line, the standard input will be read. A filename of - will cause
the standard input to be read.

OPTIONS
-C Recognize .TS and .TE even when followed by a character other than space or new-
line.

-v Print the version number.

USAGE
tbl expects to find table descriptions wrapped in the .TS (table start) and .TE (table
end) macros. The line immediately following the .TS macro may contain any of the follow-
ing global options (ignoring the case of characters -- Unix tbl only accepts options with
all characters lowercase or all characters uppercase):

center Centers the table (default is left-justified). The alternative keyword name centre
is also recognized (this is a GNU tbl extension).

delim(xy)
Use x and y as start and end delimiters for eqn(1).

expand Makes the table as wide as the current line length.

box Encloses the table in a box.

doublebox
Encloses the table in a double box.

allbox Encloses each item of the table in a box.

frame Same as box (GNU tbl only).

doubleframe
Same as doublebox (GNU tbl only).

tab(x) Uses the character x instead of a tab to separate items in a line of input data.

linesize(n)
Sets lines or rules (e.g. from box) in n-point type.

nokeep Don't use diversions to prevent page breaks (GNU tbl only). Normally tbl attempts
to prevent undesirable breaks in the table by using diversions. This can sometimes
interact badly with macro packages' own use of diversions, when footnotes, for
example, are used.

decimalpoint(c)
Set the character to be recognized as the decimal point in numeric columns (GNU tbl
only).

nospaces
Ignore leading and trailing spaces in data items (GNU tbl only).

The global options must end with a semicolon. There might be whitespace after an option
and its argument in parentheses.

After global options come lines describing the format of each line of the table. Each
such format line describes one line of the table itself, except that the last format line
(which you must end with a period) describes all remaining lines of the table. A single
key character describes each column of each line of the table. You may run format specs
for multiple lines together on the same line by separating them with commas.

You may follow each key character with specifiers that determine the font and point size
of the corresponding item, that determine column width, inter-column spacing, etc.

The longest format line defines the number of columns in the table; missing format
descriptors at the end of format lines are assumed to be `L'. Extra columns in the data
(which have no corresponding format entry) are ignored.

The available key characters are:

c,C Centers item within the column.

r,R Right-justifies item within the column.

l,L Left-justifies item within the column.

n,N Numerically justifies item in the column: Units positions of numbers are aligned
vertically.

s,S Spans previous item on the left into this column.

a,A Centers longest line in this column and then left-justifies all other lines in this
column with respect to that centered line.

^ Spans down entry from previous row in this column.

_,- Replaces this entry with a horizontal line.

= Replaces this entry with a double horizontal line.

| The corresponding column becomes a vertical rule (if two of these are adjacent, a
double vertical rule).

A vertical bar to the left of the first key-letter or to the right of the last one pro-
duces a line at the edge of the table.

Here are the specifiers that can appear in suffixes to column key letters:

b,B Short form of fB (make affected entries bold).

i,I Short form of fI (make affected entries italic).

t,T Start an item vertically spanning rows at the top of its range rather than verti-
cally centering it.

d,D Start an item vertically spanning rows at the bottom of its range rather than ver-
tically centering it (GNU tbl only).

v,V Followed by a number, this indicates the vertical line spacing to be used in a
multi-line table entry. If signed, the current vertical line spacing is incre-
mented or decremented (using a signed number instead of a signed digit is a GNU tbl
extension). A vertical line spacing specifier followed by a column separation num-
ber must be separated by one or more blanks. No effect if the corresponding table
entry isn't a text block.

f,F Either of these specifiers may be followed by a font name (either one or two char-
acters long), font number (a single digit), or long name in parentheses (the last
form is a GNU tbl extension). A one-letter font name must be separated by one or
more blanks from whatever follows.

p,P Followed by a number, this does a point size change for the affected fields. If
signed, the current point size is incremented or decremented (using a signed number
instead of a signed digit is a GNU tbl extension). A point size specifier followed
by a column separation number must be separated by one or more blanks.

w,W Minimal column width value. Must be followed either by a troff(1) width expression
in parentheses or a unitless integer. If no unit is given, en units are used.
Also used as the default line length for included text blocks. If used multiple
times, the last entry takes effect.

e,E Make equally-spaced columns.

u,U Move the corresponding column up one half-line.

z,Z Ignore the corresponding column for width-calculation purposes.

A number suffix on a key character is interpreted as a column separation in ens (multi-
plied in proportion if the expand option is on). Default separation is 3n.

The format lines are followed by lines containing the actual data for the table, followed
finally by .TE. Within such data lines, items are normally separated by tab characters
(or the character specified with the tab option). Long input lines can be broken across
multiple lines if the last character on the line is `\' (which vanishes after concatena-
tion).

A dot starting a line, followed by anything but a digit is handled as a troff command,
passed through without changes. The table position is unchanged in this case.

If a data line consists of only `_' or `=', a single or double line, respectively, is
drawn across the table at that point; if a single item in a data line consists of only `_'
or `=', then that item is replaced by a single or double line, joining its neighbours. If
a data item consists only of `\_' or `\=', a single or double line, respectively, is drawn
across the field at that point which does not join its neighbours.

A data item consisting only of `\Rx' (`x' any character) is replaced by repetitions of
character `x' as wide as the column (not joining its neighbours).

A data item consisting only of `\^' indicates that the field immediately above spans down-
ward over this row.

A text block can be used to enter data as a single entry which would be too long as a sim-
ple string between tabs. It is started with `T{' and closed with `T}'. The latter must
start a line, probably followed by other data columns (separated with tabs).

To change the data format within a table, use the .T& command (at the start of a line).
It is followed by format and data lines (but no global options) similar to the .TS
request.

INTERACTION WITH EQN
tbl(1) should always be called before eqn(1) (groff(1) automatically takes care of the
correct order of preprocessors).

GNU TBL ENHANCEMENTS
There is no limit on the number of columns in a table, nor any limit on the number of text
blocks. All the lines of a table are considered in deciding column widths, not just the
first 200. Table continuation (.T&) lines are not restricted to the first 200 lines.

Numeric and alphabetic items may appear in the same column.

Numeric and alphabetic items may span horizontally.

tbl uses register, string, macro and diversion names beginning with the digit 3. When
using tbl you should avoid using any names beginning with a 3.

BUGS
You should use .TS H/.TH in conjunction with a supporting macro package for all multi-page
boxed tables. If there is no header that you wish to appear at the top of each page of
the table, place the .TH line immediately after the format section. Do not enclose a
multi-page table within keep/release macros, or divert it in any other way.

A text block within a table must be able to fit on one page.

The bp request cannot be used to force a page-break in a multi-page table. Instead,
define BP as follows

.de BP
.ie '\\n(.z'' .bp \\$1
.el \!.BP \\$1
..

and use BP instead of bp.

Using \a directly in a table to get leaders will not work. This is correct behaviour: \a
is an uninterpreted leader. To get leaders use a real leader, either by using a control A
or like this:

.ds a \a
.TS
tab(;);
lw(1i) l.
A\*a;B
.TE

REFERENCE
Lesk, M.E.: "TBL -- A Program to Format Tables". For copyright reasons it cannot be
included in the groff distribution, but copies can be found with a title search on the
World Wide Web.