On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2012-05-25 23:16 @38.107.179.240 Crawled by CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)
MKE2FS(8) MKE2FS(8)
NAME
mke2fs - create an ext2/ext3 filesystem
SYNOPSIS
mke2fs [ -c | -l filename ] [ -b block-size ] [ -f fragment-size ] [ -g blocks-per-group ]
[ -G number-of-groups ] [ -i bytes-per-inode ] [ -I inode-size ] [ -j ] [ -J journal-
options ] [ -N number-of-inodes ] [ -n ] [ -m reserved-blocks-percentage ] [ -o creator-os
] [ -O feature[,...] ] [ -q ] [ -r fs-revision-level ] [ -E extended-options ] [ -v ] [
-F ] [ -L volume-label ] [ -M last-mounted-directory ] [ -S ] [ -t fs-type ] [ -T usage-
type ] [ -V ] device [ blocks-count ]
mke2fs -O journal_dev [ -b block-size ] [ -L volume-label ] [ -n ] [ -q ] [ -v ] external-
journal [ blocks-count ]
DESCRIPTION
mke2fs is used to create an ext2/ext3 filesystem (usually in a disk partition). device is
the special file corresponding to the device (e.g /dev/hdXX). blocks-count is the number
of blocks on the device. If omitted, mke2fs automagically figures the file system size.
If called as mkfs.ext3 a journal is created as if the -j option was specified.
OPTIONS
-b block-size
Specify the size of blocks in bytes. Valid block-size values are 1024, 2048 and
4096 bytes per block. If omitted, block-size is heuristically determined by the
filesystem size and the expected usage of the filesystem (see the -T option). If
block-size is negative, then mke2fs will use heuristics to determine the appropri-
ate block size, with the constraint that the block size will be at least block-size
bytes. This is useful for certain hardware devices which require that the block-
size be a multiple of 2k.
-c Check the device for bad blocks before creating the file system. If this option is
specified twice, then a slower read-write test is used instead of a fast read-only
test.
-E extended-options
Set extended options for the filesystem. Extended options are comma separated, and
may take an argument using the equals ('=') sign. The -E option used to be -R in
earlier versions of mke2fs. The -R option is still accepted for backwards compati-
bility. The following extended options are supported:
stride=stride-size
Configure the filesystem for a RAID array with stride-size filesystem
blocks. This is the number of blocks read or written to disk before
moving to the next disk, which is sometimes referred to as the chunk
size. This mostly affects placement of filesystem metadata like
bitmaps at mke2fs time to avoid placing them on a single disk, which
can hurt performance. It may also be used by the block allocator.
stripe-width=stripe-width
Configure the filesystem for a RAID array with stripe-width filesystem
blocks per stripe. This is typically stride-size * N, where N is the
number of data-bearing disks in the RAID (e.g. for RAID 5 there is one
parity disk, so N will be the number of disks in the array minus 1).
This allows the block allocator to prevent read-modify-write of the
parity in a RAID stripe if possible when the data is written.
resize=max-online-resize
Reserve enough space so that the block group descriptor table can grow
to support a filesystem that has max-online-resize blocks.
lazy_itable_init[= <0 to disable, 1 to enable>]
If enabled and the uninit_bg feature is enabled, the inode table will
not be fully initialized by mke2fs. This speeds up filesystem
initialization noticeably, but it requires the kernel to finish ini-
tializing the filesystem in the background when the filesystem is first
mounted. If the option value is omitted, it defaults to 1 to enable
lazy inode table initialization.
test_fs
Set a flag in the filesystem superblock indicating that it may be
mounted using experimental kernel code, such as the ext4dev filesystem.
-f fragment-size
Specify the size of fragments in bytes.
-F Force mke2fs to create a filesystem, even if the specified device is not a parti-
tion on a block special device, or if other parameters do not make sense. In order
to force mke2fs to create a filesystem even if the filesystem appears to be in use
or is mounted (a truly dangerous thing to do), this option must be specified twice.
-g blocks-per-group
Specify the number of blocks in a block group. There is generally no reason for
the user to ever set this parameter, as the default is optimal for the filesystem.
(For administrators who are creating filesystems on RAID arrays, it is preferable
to use the stride RAID parameter as part of the -E option rather than manipulating
the number of blocks per group.) This option is generally used by developers who
are developing test cases.
-G number-of-groups
Specify the number of block groups that will be packed together to create one large
virtual block group on an ext4 filesystem. This improves meta-data locality and
performance on meta-data heavy workloads. The number of groups must be a power of
2 and may only be specified if the flex_bg filesystem feature is enabled.
-i bytes-per-inode
Specify the bytes/inode ratio. mke2fs creates an inode for every bytes-per-inode
bytes of space on the disk. The larger the bytes-per-inode ratio, the fewer inodes
will be created. This value generally shouldn't be smaller than the blocksize of
the filesystem, since in that case more inodes would be made than can ever be used.
Be warned that it is not possible to expand the number of inodes on a filesystem
after it is created, so be careful deciding the correct value for this parameter.
-I inode-size
Specify the size of each inode in bytes. mke2fs creates 256-byte inodes by
default. In kernels after 2.6.10 and some earlier vendor kernels it is possible to
utilize inodes larger than 128 bytes to store extended attributes for improved per-
formance. The inode-size value must be a power of 2 larger or equal to 128. The
larger the inode-size the more space the inode table will consume, and this reduces
the usable space in the filesystem and can also negatively impact performance.
Extended attributes stored in large inodes are not visible with older kernels, and
such filesystems will not be mountable with 2.4 kernels at all. It is not possible
to change this value after the filesystem is created.
-j Create the filesystem with an ext3 journal. If the -J option is not specified, the
default journal parameters will be used to create an appropriately sized journal
(given the size of the filesystem) stored within the filesystem. Note that you
must be using a kernel which has ext3 support in order to actually make use of the
journal.
-J journal-options
Create the ext3 journal using options specified on the command-line. Journal
options are comma separated, and may take an argument using the equals ('=') sign.
The following journal options are supported:
size=journal-size
Create an internal journal (i.e., stored inside the filesystem) of size
journal-size megabytes. The size of the journal must be at least 1024
filesystem blocks (i.e., 1MB if using 1k blocks, 4MB if using 4k
blocks, etc.) and may be no more than 102,400 filesystem blocks.
device=external-journal
Attach the filesystem to the journal block device located on external-
journal. The external journal must already have been created using the
command
mke2fs -O journal_dev external-journal
Note that external-journal must have been created with the same block
size as the new filesystem. In addition, while there is support for
attaching multiple filesystems to a single external journal, the Linux
kernel and e2fsck(8) do not currently support shared external journals
yet.
Instead of specifying a device name directly, external-journal can also
be specified by either LABEL=label or UUID=UUID to locate the external
journal by either the volume label or UUID stored in the ext2
superblock at the start of the journal. Use dumpe2fs(8) to display a
journal device's volume label and UUID. See also the -L option of
tune2fs(8).
Only one of the size or device options can be given for a filesystem.
-l filename
Read the bad blocks list from filename. Note that the block numbers in the bad
block list must be generated using the same block size as used by mke2fs. As a
result, the -c option to mke2fs is a much simpler and less error-prone method of
checking a disk for bad blocks before formatting it, as mke2fs will automatically
pass the correct parameters to the badblocks program.
-L new-volume-label
Set the volume label for the filesystem to new-volume-label. The maximum length of
the volume label is 16 bytes.
-m reserved-blocks-percentage
Specify the percentage of the filesystem blocks reserved for the super-user. This
avoids fragmentation, and allows root-owned daemons, such as syslogd(8), to con-
tinue to function correctly after non-privileged processes are prevented from writ-
ing to the filesystem. The default percentage is 5%.
-M last-mounted-directory
Set the last mounted directory for the filesystem. This might be useful for the
sake of utilities that key off of the last mounted directory to determine where the
filesystem should be mounted.
-n Causes mke2fs to not actually create a filesystem, but display what it would do if
it were to create a filesystem. This can be used to determine the location of the
backup superblocks for a particular filesystem, so long as the mke2fs parameters
that were passed when the filesystem was originally created are used again. (With
the -n option added, of course!)
-N number-of-inodes
Overrides the default calculation of the number of inodes that should be reserved
for the filesystem (which is based on the number of blocks and the bytes-per-inode
ratio). This allows the user to specify the number of desired inodes directly.
-o creator-os
Overrides the default value of the "creator operating system" field of the filesys-
tem. The creator field is set by default to the name of the OS the mke2fs exe-
cutable was compiled for.
-O feature[,...]
Create a filesystem with the given features (filesystem options), overriding the
default filesystem options. The features that are enabled by default are specified
by the base_features relation, either in the [defaults] section in the
/etc/mke2fs.conf configuration file, or in the [fs_types] subsections for the usage
types as specified by the -T option, further modified by the features relation
found in the [fs_types] subsections for the filesystem and usage types. See the
mke2fs.conf(5) manual page for more details. The filesystem type-specific configu-
ration setting found in the [fs_types] section will override the global default
found in [defaults].
The filesystem feature set will be further edited using either the feature set
specified by this option, or if this option is not given, by the default_features
relation for the filesystem type being created, or in the [defaults] section of the
configuration file.
The filesystem feature set is comprised of a list of features, separated by commas,
that are to be enabled. To disable a feature, simply prefix the feature name with
a caret ('^') character. The pseudo-filesystem feature "none" will clear all
filesystem features.
large_file
Filesystem can contain files that are greater than 2GB. (Modern ker-
nels set this feature automatically when a file > 2GB is created.)
dir_index
Use hashed b-trees to speed up lookups in large directories.
filetype
Store file type information in directory entries.
flex_bg
Allow bitmaps and inode tables for a block group to be placed anywhere
on the storage media (use with -G option to group meta-data in order to
create a large virtual block group).
has_journal
Create an ext3 journal (as if using the -j option).
journal_dev
Create an external ext3 journal on the given device instead of a regu-
lar ext2 filesystem. Note that external-journal must be created with
the same block size as the filesystems that will be using it.
extent Instead of using the indirect block scheme for storing the location of
data blocks in an inode, use extents instead. This is a much more
efficient encoding which speeds up filesystem access, especially for
large files.
uninit_bg
Create a filesystem without initializing all of the block groups. This
feature also enables checksums and highest-inode-used statistics in
each blockgroup. This feature can speed up filesystem creation time
noticeably (if lazy_itable_init is enabled), and can also reduce e2fsck
time dramatically. It is only supported by the ext4 filesystem in
recent Linux kernels.
resize_inode
Reserve space so the block group descriptor table may grow in the
future. Useful for online resizing using resize2fs. By default mke2fs
will attempt to reserve enough space so that the filesystem may grow to
1024 times its initial size. This can be changed using the resize
extended option.
sparse_super
Create a filesystem with fewer superblock backup copies (saves space on
large filesystems).
-q Quiet execution. Useful if mke2fs is run in a script.
-r revision
Set the filesystem revision for the new filesystem. Note that 1.2 kernels only
support revision 0 filesystems. The default is to create revision 1 filesystems.
-S Write superblock and group descriptors only. This is useful if all of the
superblock and backup superblocks are corrupted, and a last-ditch recovery method
is desired. It causes mke2fs to reinitialize the superblock and group descriptors,
while not touching the inode table and the block and inode bitmaps. The e2fsck
program should be run immediately after this option is used, and there is no guar-
antee that any data will be salvageable. It is critical to specify the correct
filesystem blocksize when using this option, or there is no chance of recovery.
-t fs-type
Specify the filesystem type (i.e., ext2, ext3, ext4, etc.) that is to be created.
If this option is not specified, mke2fs will pick a default either via how the com-
mand was run (for example, using a name of the form mkfs.ext2, mkfs.ext3, etc.) or
via a default as defined by the /etc/mke2fs.conf(5) file. This option controls
which filesystem options are used by default, based on the fstypes configuration
stanza in /etc/mke2fs.conf(5).
If the -O option is used to explicitly add or remove filesystem options that should
be set in the newly created filesystem, the resulting filesystem may not be sup-
ported by the requested fs-type. (e.g., "mke2fs -t ext3 -O extents /dev/sdXX" will
create a filesystem that is not supported by the ext3 implementation as found in
the Linux kernel; and "mke2fs -t ext3 -O ^has_journal /dev/hdXX" will create a
filesystem that does not have a journal and hence will not be supported by the ext3
filesystem code in the Linux kernel.)
-T usage-type[,...]
Specify how the filesystem is going to be used, so that mke2fs can choose optimal
filesystem parameters for that use. The usage types that are supported are defined
in the configuration file /etc/mke2fs.conf(5). The user may specify one or more
usage types using a comma separated list.
If this option is is not specified, mke2fs will pick a single default usage type
based on the size of the filesystem to be created. If the filesystem size is less
than or equal to 3 megabytes, mke2fs will use the filesystem type floppy. If the
filesystem size is greater than 3 but less than or equal to 512 megabytes,
mke2fs(8) will use the filesystem small. Otherwise, mke2fs(8) will use the default
filesystem type default.
-v Verbose execution.
-V Print the version number of mke2fs and exit.
AUTHOR
This version of mke2fs has been written by Theodore Ts'o <tytso AT mit.edu>.
BUGS
mke2fs accepts the -f option but currently ignores it because the second extended file
system does not support fragments yet.
There may be other ones. Please, report them to the author.
AVAILABILITY
mke2fs is part of the e2fsprogs package and is available from http://e2fsprogs.source-
forge.net.
SEE ALSO
mke2fs.conf(5), badblocks(8), dumpe2fs(8), e2fsck(8), tune2fs(8)
E2fsprogs version 1.41.3 October 2008 MKE2FS(8)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.49 2006/02/26 13:18:18 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2012-05-25 23:16 @38.107.179.240 Crawled by CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)