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PICK(1) [nmh-1.2] PICK(1)
NAME
pick - search for messages by content
SYNOPSIS
pick [+folder] [msgs] [-and ...] [-or ...] [-not ...] [-lbrace ... -rbrace] [--compo-
nent pattern] [-cc pattern] [-date pattern] [-from pattern] [-search pattern] [-sub-
ject pattern] [-to pattern] [-after date] [-before date] [-datefield field]
[-sequence name ...] [-public | -nopublic] [-zero | -nozero] [-list | -nolist]
[-version] [-help]
typical usage:
scan `pick -from jones`
pick -to holloway -sequence select
show `pick -before friday`
DESCRIPTION
Pick searches within a folder for messages with the specified contents, and then identi-
fies those messages. Two types of search primitives are available: pattern matching and
date constraint operations.
A modified grep(1) is used to perform the matching, so the full regular expression (see
ed(1)) facility is available within pattern. With -search, pattern is used directly, and
with the others, the grep pattern constructed is:
`component[ \t]*:.*pattern'
This means that the pattern specified for a -search will be found everywhere in the mes-
sage, including the header and the body, while the other pattern matching requests are
limited to the single specified component. The expression
`--component pattern'
is a shorthand for specifying
`-search "component[ \t]*:.*pattern" '
It is used to pick a component which is not one of "To:", "cc:", "Date:", "From:", or
"Subject:". An example is "pick --reply-to pooh".
Pattern matching is performed on a per-line basis. Within the header of the message, each
component is treated as one long line, but in the body, each line is separate. Lower-case
letters in the search pattern will match either lower or upper case in the message, while
upper case will match only upper case.
Note that since the -date switch is a pattern matching operation (as described above), to
find messages sent on a certain date the pattern string must match the text of the "Date:"
field of the message.
Independent of any pattern matching operations requested, the switches -after date or
-before date may also be used to introduce date/time constraints on all of the messages.
By default, the "Date:" field is consulted, but if another date yielding field (such as
"BB-Posted:" or "Delivery-Date:") should be used, the -datefield field switch may be used.
With -before and -after, pick will actually parse the date fields in each of the messages
specified in `msgs' and compare them to the date/time specified. If -after is given, then
only those messages whose "Date:" field value is chronologically after the date specified
will be considered. The -before switch specifies the complimentary action.
Both the -after and -before switches take legal 822-style date specifications as argu-
ments. Pick will default certain missing fields so that the entire date need not be spec-
ified. These fields are (in order of defaulting): timezone, time and timezone, date, date
and timezone. All defaults are taken from the current date, time, and timezone.
In addition to 822-style dates, pick will also recognize any of the days of the week
("sunday", "monday", and so on), and the special dates "today", "yesterday" (24 hours
ago), and "tomorrow" (24 hours from now). All days of the week are judged to refer to a
day in the past (e.g., telling pick "saturday" on a "tuesday" means "last saturday" not
"this saturday").
Finally, in addition to these special specifications, pick will also honor a specification
of the form "-dd", which means "dd days ago".
Pick supports complex boolean operations on the searching primitives with the -and, -or,
-not, and -lbrace ... -rbrace switches. For example,
pick -after yesterday -and
-lbrace -from freida -or -from fear -rbrace
identifies messages recently sent by "frieda" or "fear".
The matching primitives take precedence over the -not switch, which in turn takes prece-
dence over -and which in turn takes precedence over -or. To override the default prece-
dence, the -lbrace and -rbrace switches are provided, which act just like opening and
closing parentheses in logical expressions.
If no search criteria are given, all the messages specified on the command line are
selected (this defaults to "all").
Once the search has been performed, if the -list switch is given, the message numbers of
the selected messages are written to the standard output separated by newlines. This is
extremely useful for quickly generating arguments for other nmh programs by using the
"backquoting" syntax of the shell. For example, the command
scan `pick +todo -after "31 Mar 83 0123 PST"`
says to scan those messages in the indicated folder which meet the appropriate criterion.
Note that since pick's context changes are written out prior to scan's invocation, you
need not give the folder argument to scan as well.
The -sequence name switch may be given once for each sequence the user wishes to define.
For each sequence named, that sequence will be defined to mean exactly those messages
selected by pick. For example,
pick -from frated -seq fred
defines a new message sequence for the current folder called "fred" which contains exactly
those messages that were selected.
By default, pick will zero the sequence before adding it. This action can be disabled
with the -nozero switch, which means that the messages selected by pick will be added to
the sequence, if it already exists, and any messages already a part of that sequence will
remain so.
The -public and -nopublic switches are used by pick in the same way mark uses them.
FILES
$HOME/.mh_profile The user profile
PROFILE COMPONENTS
Path: To determine the user's nmh directory
Current-Folder: To find the default current folder
SEE ALSO
mark(1)
DEFAULTS
`+folder' defaults to the current folder
`msgs' defaults to all
`-datefield date'
`-zero'
`-list' is the default if no `-sequence', `-nolist' otherwise
CONTEXT
If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.
HISTORY
In previous versions of MH, the pick command would show, scan, or refile the selected mes-
sages. This was rather "inverted logic" from the UNIX point of view, so pick was changed
to define sequences and output those sequences. Hence, pick can be used to generate the
arguments for all other MH commands, instead of giving pick endless switches for invoking
those commands itself.
Also, previous versions of pick balked if you didn't specify a search string or a
date/time constraint. The current version does not, and merely matches the messages you
specify. This lets you type something like:
show `pick last:20 -seq fear`
instead of typing
mark -add -nozero -seq fear last:20
show fear
Finally, timezones used to be ignored when comparing dates: they aren't any more.
HELPFUL HINTS
Use "pick sequence -list" to enumerate the messages in a sequence (such as for use by a
shell script).
BUGS
The argument to the -after and -before switches must be interpreted as a single token by
the shell that invokes pick. Therefore, one must usually place the argument to this
switch inside double-quotes. Furthermore, any occurrence of -datefield must occur prior
to the -after or -before switch it applies to.
If pick is used in a back-quoted operation, such as
scan `pick -from jones`
and pick selects no messages (e.g., no messages are from "jones"), then the shell will
still run the outer command (e.g., scan). Since no messages were matched, pick produced
no output, and the argument given to the outer command as a result of backquoting pick is
empty. In the case of nmh programs, the outer command now acts as if the default `msg' or
`msgs' should be used (e.g., "all" in the case of scan). To prevent this unexpected
behavior, if -list was given, and if its standard output is not a tty, then pick outputs
the illegal message number "0" when it fails. This lets the outer command fail gracefully
as well.
The pattern syntax "[l-r]" is not supported; each letter to be matched must be included
within the square brackets.
MH.6.8 1 Jul 2003 PICK(1)
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On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2012-05-26 02:06 @38.107.179.237 Crawled by CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)