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Under GNU General Public License
2012-05-26 07:58 @38.107.179.236 Crawled by CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)
RRDGRAPH(1) rrdtool RRDGRAPH(1)
NAME
rrdgraph - Round Robin Database tool grapher functions
SYNOPSIS
rrdtool graph|graphv filename [option ...] [data definition ...] [data calculation ...]
[variable definition ...] [graph element ...] [print element ...]
DESCRIPTION
The graph function of RRDtool is used to present the data from an RRD to a human viewer.
Its main purpose is to create a nice graphical representation, but it can also generate a
numerical report.
OVERVIEW
rrdtool graph needs data to work with, so you must use one or more data definition
statements to collect this data. You are not limited to one database, it's perfectly
legal to collect data from two or more databases (one per statement, though).
If you want to display averages, maxima, percentiles, etcetera it is best to collect them
now using the variable definition statement. Currently this makes no difference, but in a
future version of rrdtool you may want to collect these values before consolidation.
The data fetched from the RRA is then consolidated so that there is exactly one datapoint
per pixel in the graph. If you do not take care yourself, RRDtool will expand the range
slightly if necessary. Note, in that case the first and/or last pixel may very well become
unknown!
Sometimes data is not exactly in the format you would like to display it. For instance,
you might be collecting bytes per second, but want to display bits per second. This is
what the data calculation command is designed for. After consolidating the data, a copy is
made and this copy is modified using a rather powerful RPN command set.
When you are done fetching and processing the data, it is time to graph it (or print it).
This ends the rrdtool graph sequence.
OPTIONS
graphv
This alternate version of graph takes the same arguments and performs the same function.
The v stands for verbose, which describes the output returned. graphv will return a lot of
information about the graph using the same format as rrdtool info (key = value). See the
bottom of the document for more information.
filename
The name and path of the graph to generate. It is recommended to end this in ".png",
".svg" or ".eps", but RRDtool does not enforce this.
filename can be '"-"' to send the image to "stdout". In this case, no other output is
generated.
Time range
[-s|--start time] [-e|--end time] [-S|--step seconds]
The start and end of the time series you would like to display, and which RRA the data
should come from. Defaults are: 1 day ago until now, with the best possible resolution.
Start and end can be specified in several formats, see AT-STYLE TIME SPECIFICATION and
rrdgraph_examples. By default, rrdtool graph calculates the width of one pixel in the
time domain and tries to get data from an RRA with that resolution. With the step option
you can alter this behaviour. If you want rrdtool graph to get data at a one-hour
resolution from the RRD, set step to 3'600. Note: a step smaller than one pixel will
silently be ignored.
Labels
[-t|--title string] [-v|--vertical-label string]
A horizontal string at the top of the graph and/or a vertically placed string at the left
hand side of the graph.
Size
[-w|--width pixels] [-h|--height pixels] [-j|--only-graph] [-D|--full-size-mode]
By default, the width and height of the canvas (the part with the actual data and such).
This defaults to 400 pixels by 100 pixels.
If you specify the --full-size-mode option, the width and height specify the final
dimensions of the output image and the canvas is automatically resized to fit.
If you specify the --only-graph option and set the height < 32 pixels you will get a tiny
graph image (thumbnail) to use as an icon for use in an overview, for example. All
labeling will be stripped off the graph.
Limits
[-u|--upper-limit value] [-l|--lower-limit value] [-r|--rigid]
By default the graph will be autoscaling so that it will adjust the y-axis to the range of
the data. You can change this behaviour by explicitly setting the limits. The displayed
y-axis will then range at least from lower-limit to upper-limit. Autoscaling will still
permit those boundaries to be stretched unless the rigid option is set.
[-A|--alt-autoscale]
Sometimes the default algorithm for selecting the y-axis scale is not satisfactory.
Normally the scale is selected from a predefined set of ranges and this fails miserably
when you need to graph something like "260 + 0.001 * sin(x)". This option calculates the
minimum and maximum y-axis from the actual minimum and maximum data values. Our example
would display slightly less than "260-0.001" to slightly more than "260+0.001" (this
feature was contributed by Sasha Mikheev).
[-J|--alt-autoscale-min]
Where "--alt-autoscale" will modify both the absolute maximum AND minimum values, this
option will only affect the minimum value. The maximum value, if not defined on the
command line, will be 0. This option can be useful when graphing router traffic when the
WAN line uses compression, and thus the throughput may be higher than the WAN line speed.
[-M|--alt-autoscale-max]
Where "--alt-autoscale" will modify both the absolute maximum AND minimum values, this
option will only affect the maximum value. The minimum value, if not defined on the
command line, will be 0. This option can be useful when graphing router traffic when the
WAN line uses compression, and thus the throughput may be higher than the WAN line speed.
[-N|--no-gridfit]
In order to avoid anti-aliasing blurring effects rrdtool snaps points to device resolution
pixels, this results in a crisper aperance. If this is not to your liking, you can use
this switch to turn this behaviour off.
Gridfitting is turned off for PDF, EPS, SVG output by default.
Grid
X-Axis
[-x|--x-grid GTM:GST:MTM:MST:LTM:LST:LPR:LFM]
[-x|--x-grid none]
The x-axis label is quite complex to configure. If you don't have very special needs
it is probably best to rely on the autoconfiguration to get this right. You can
specify the string "none" to suppress the grid and labels altogether.
The grid is defined by specifying a certain amount of time in the ?TM positions. You
can choose from "SECOND", "MINUTE", "HOUR", "DAY", "WEEK", "MONTH" or "YEAR". Then you
define how many of these should pass between each line or label. This pair (?TM:?ST)
needs to be specified for the base grid (G??), the major grid (M??) and the labels
(L??). For the labels you also must define a precision in LPR and a strftime format
string in LFM. LPR defines where each label will be placed. If it is zero, the label
will be placed right under the corresponding line (useful for hours, dates etcetera).
If you specify a number of seconds here the label is centered on this interval (useful
for Monday, January etcetera).
--x-grid MINUTE:10:HOUR:1:HOUR:4:0:%X
This places grid lines every 10 minutes, major grid lines every hour, and labels every
4 hours. The labels are placed under the major grid lines as they specify exactly that
time.
--x-grid HOUR:8:DAY:1:DAY:1:86400:%A
This places grid lines every 8 hours, major grid lines and labels each day. The labels
are placed exactly between two major grid lines as they specify the complete day and
not just midnight.
Y-Axis
[-y|--y-grid grid step:label factor]
[-y|--y-grid none]
Y-axis grid lines appear at each grid step interval. Labels are placed every label
factor lines. You can specify "-y none" to suppress the grid and labels altogether.
The default for this option is to automatically select sensible values.
If you have set --y-grid to 'none' not only the labels get supressed, also the space
reserved for the labels is removed. You can still add space manually if you use the
--units-length command to explicitly reserve space.
[-Y|--alt-y-grid]
Place the Y grid dynamically based on the graph's Y range. The algorithm ensures that
you always have a grid, that there are enough but not too many grid lines, and that
the grid is metric. That is the grid lines are placed every 1, 2, 5 or 10 units. This
parameter will also ensure that you get enough decimals displayed even if your graph
goes from 69.998 to 70.001. (contributed by Sasha Mikheev).
[-o|--logarithmic]
Logarithmic y-axis scaling.
[-X|--units-exponent value]
This sets the 10**exponent scaling of the y-axis values. Normally, values will be
scaled to the appropriate units (k, M, etc.). However, you may wish to display units
always in k (Kilo, 10e3) even if the data is in the M (Mega, 10e6) range, for
instance. Value should be an integer which is a multiple of 3 between -18 and 18
inclusively. It is the exponent on the units you wish to use. For example, use 3 to
display the y-axis values in k (Kilo, 10e3, thousands), use -6 to display the y-axis
values in u (Micro, 10e-6, millionths). Use a value of 0 to prevent any scaling of
the y-axis values.
This option is very effective at confusing the heck out of the default rrdtool
autoscaler and grid painter. If rrdtool detects that it is not successful in labeling
the graph under the given circumstances, it will switch to the more robust
--alt-y-grid mode.
[-L|--units-length value]
How many digits should rrdtool assume the y-axis labels to be? You may have to use
this option to make enough space once you start fideling with the y-axis labeling.
[--units=si]
With this option y-axis values on logarithmic graphs will be scaled to the appropriate
units (k, M, etc.) instead of using exponential notation. Note that for linear
graphs, SI notation is used by default.
Miscellaneous
[-z|--lazy]
Only generate the graph if the current graph is out of date or not existent. Note, that
only the image size will be returned, if you run with lazy even when using graphv.
[-f|--imginfo printfstr]
After the image has been created, the graph function uses printf together with this format
string to create output similar to the PRINT function, only that the printf function is
supplied with the parameters filename, xsize and ysize. In order to generate an IMG tag
suitable for including the graph into a web page, the command line would look like this:
--imginfo '<IMG SRC="/img/%s" WIDTH="%lu" HEIGHT="%lu" ALT="Demo">'
[-c|--color COLORTAG#rrggbb[aa]]
Override the default colors for the standard elements of the graph. The COLORTAG is one of
"BACK" background, "CANVAS" for the background of the actual graph, "SHADEA" for the left
and top border, "SHADEB" for the right and bottom border, "GRID", "MGRID" for the major
grid, "FONT" for the color of the font, "AXIS" for the axis of the graph, "FRAME" for the
line around the color spots and finally "ARROW" for the arrow head pointing up and
forward. Each color is composed out of three hexadecimal numbers specifying its rgb color
component (00 is off, FF is maximum) of red, green and blue. Optionally you may add
another hexadecimal number specifying the transparency (FF is solid). You may set this
option several times to alter multiple defaults.
A green arrow is made by: "--color ARROW#00FF00"
[--zoom factor]
Zoom the graphics by the given amount. The factor must be > 0
[-n|--font FONTTAG:size:[font]]
This lets you customize which font to use for the various text elements on the RRD graphs.
"DEFAULT" sets the default value for all elements, "TITLE" for the title, "AXIS" for the
axis labels, "UNIT" for the vertical unit label, "LEGEND" for the graph legend.
Use Times for the title: "--font TITLE:13:Times"
If you do not give a font string you can modify just the sice of the default font: "--font
TITLE:13:".
If you specify the size 0 then you can modify just the font without touching the size.
This is especially usefull for altering the default font without resetting the default
fontsizes: "--font DEFAULT:0:Courier".
RRDtool comes with a preset default font. You can set the environment variable
"RRD_DEFAULT_FONT" if you want to change this.
RRDtool uses Pango for its font handling. This means you can to use the full Pango syntax
when selecting your font:
The font name has the form "[FAMILY-LIST] [STYLE-OPTIONS] [SIZE]", where FAMILY-LIST is a
comma separated list of families optionally terminated by a comma, STYLE_OPTIONS is a
whitespace separated list of words where each WORD describes one of style, variant,
weight, stretch, or gravity, and SIZE is a decimal number (size in points) or optionally
followed by the unit modifier "px" for absolute size. Any one of the options may be
absent.
[-R|--font-render-mode {normal,light,mono}]
There are 3 font render modes:
normal: Full Hinting and Antialiasing (default)
light: Slight Hinting and Antialiasing
mono: Full Hinting and NO Antialiasing
[-B|--font-smoothing-threshold size]
(this gets ignored in 1.3 for now!)
This specifies the largest font size which will be rendered bitmapped, that is, without
any font smoothing. By default, no text is rendered bitmapped.
[-P|--pango-markup]
All text in rrdtool is rendered using Pango. With the --pango-markup option, all text will
be processed by pango markup. This allows to embed some simple html like markup tags using
<span key="value">text</span>
Apart from the verbose syntax, there are also the following short tags available.
b Bold
big Makes font relatively larger, equivalent to <span size="larger">
i Italic
s Strikethrough
sub Subscript
sup Superscript
small Makes font relatively smaller, equivalent to <span size="smaller">
tt Monospace font
u Underline
More details on <http://developer.gnome.org/doc/API/2.0/pango/PangoMarkupFormat.html>.
[-G|--graph-render-mode {normal,mono}]
There are 2 render modes:
normal: Graphs are fully Antialiased (default)
mono: No Antialiasing
[-E|--slope-mode]
RRDtool graphs are composed of stair case curves by default. This is in line with the way
RRDtool calculates its data. Some people favor a more 'organic' look for their graphs even
though it is not all that true.
[-a|--imgformat PNG|SVG|EPS|PDF]
Image format for the generated graph. For the vector formats you can choose among the
standard Postscript fonts Courier-Bold, Courier-BoldOblique, Courier-Oblique, Courier,
Helvetica-Bold, Helvetica-BoldOblique, Helvetica-Oblique, Helvetica, Symbol, Times-Bold,
Times-BoldItalic, Times-Italic, Times-Roman, and ZapfDingbats.
[-i|--interlaced]
(this gets ignored in 1.3 for now!)
If images are interlaced they become visible on browsers more quickly.
[-g|--no-legend]
Suppress generation of the legend; only render the graph.
[-F|--force-rules-legend]
Force the generation of HRULE and VRULE legends even if those HRULE or VRULE will not be
drawn because out of graph boundaries (mimics behaviour of pre 1.0.42 versions).
[-T|--tabwidth value]
By default the tab-width is 40 pixels, use this option to change it.
[-b|--base value]
If you are graphing memory (and NOT network traffic) this switch should be set to 1024 so
that one Kb is 1024 byte. For traffic measurement, 1 kb/s is 1000 b/s.
[-W|--watermark string]
Adds the given string as a watermark, horizontally centred, at the bottom of the graph.
Data and variables
DEF:vname=rrdfile:ds-name:CF[:step=step][:start=time][:end=time]
CDEF:vname=RPN expression
VDEF:vname=RPN expression
You need at least one DEF statement to generate anything. The other statements are useful
but optional. See rrdgraph_data and rrdgraph_rpn for the exact format.
Graph and print elements
You need at least one graph element to generate an image and/or at least one print
statement to generate a report. See rrdgraph_graph for the exact format.
graphv
Calling rrdtool with the graphv option will return information in the rrdtool info format.
On the command line this means that all output will be in key=value format. When used from
the perl and ruby bindings a hash pointer will be returned from the call.
When the filename '-' is given, the contents of the graph itself will also be returned
through this interface (hash key 'image'). On the command line the output will look like
this:
print[0] = "0.020833"
print[1] = "0.0440833"
graph_left = 51
graph_top = 22
graph_width = 400
graph_height = 100
image_width = 481
image_height = 154
value_min = 0.0000000000e+00
value_max = 4.0000000000e-02
image = BLOB_SIZE:8196
[... 8196 bytes of image data ...]
There is more information returned than in the standard interface. Especially the
'graph_*' keys are new. They help applications that want to know what is where on the
graph.
SEE ALSO
rrdgraph gives an overview of how rrdtool graph works. rrdgraph_data describes DEF,CDEF
and VDEF in detail. rrdgraph_rpn describes the RPN language used in the ?DEF statements.
rrdgraph_graph page describes all of the graph and print functions.
Make sure to read rrdgraph_examples for tips&tricks.
AUTHOR
Program by Tobias Oetiker <tobi AT oetiker.ch>
This manual page by Alex van den Bogaerdt <alex AT ergens.net>
POD ERRORS
Hey! The above document had some coding errors, which are explained below:
Around line 444:
=back without =over
1.3.1 2008-06-29 RRDGRAPH(1)
Generated by $Id: phpMan.php,v 4.49 2006/02/26 13:18:18 chedong Exp $ Author: Che Dong
On Apache
Under GNU General Public License
2012-05-26 07:58 @38.107.179.236 Crawled by CCBot/1.0 (+http://www.commoncrawl.org/bot.html)