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SNMPCMD(1) Net-SNMP SNMPCMD(1)
NAME
snmpcmd - options and behaviour common to most of the Net-SNMP command-line tools
SYNOPSIS
snmpcmd [OPTIONS] AGENT [PARAMETERS]
DESCRIPTION
This manual page describes the common options for the SNMP commands: snmpbulkget, snmp-
bulkwalk, snmpdelta, snmpget, snmpgetnext, snmpnetstat, snmpset, snmpstatus, snmptable,
snmptest, snmptrap, snmpdf, snmpusm , snmpwalk . The command line applications use the
SNMP protocol to communicate with an SNMP capable network entity, an agent. Individual
applications typically (but not necessarily) take additional parameters that are given
after the agent specification. These parameters are documented in the manual pages for
each application.
OPTIONS
-3[MmKk] 0xHEXKEY
Sets the keys to be used for SNMPv3 transactions. These options allow you to set
the master authentication and encryption keys (-3m and -3M respectively) or set the
localized authentication and encryption keys (-3k and -3K respectively). SNMPv3
keys can be either passed in by hand using these flags, or by the use of keys gen-
erated from passwords using the -A and -X flags discussed below. For further
details on SNMPv3 and its usage of keying information, see the Net-SNMP tutorial
web site ( http://www.Net-SNMP.org/tutorial-5/commands/ ). Overrides the defAuth-
MasterKey (-3m), defPrivMasterKey (-3M), defAuthLocalizedKey (-3k) or defPrivLocal-
izedKey (-3K) tokens, respectively, in the snmp.conf file, see snmp.conf(5).
-a authProtocol
Set the authentication protocol (MD5 or SHA) used for authenticated SNMPv3 mes-
sages. Overrides the defAuthType token in the snmp.conf file.
-A authPassword
Set the authentication pass phrase used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Over-
rides the defAuthPassphrase token in the snmp.conf file. It is insecure to specify
pass phrases on the command line, see snmp.conf(5).
-c community
Set the community string for SNMPv1/v2c transactions. Overrides the defCommunity
token in the snmp.conf file.
-d Dump (in hexadecimal) the raw SNMP packets sent and received.
-D TOKEN[,...]
Turn on debugging output for the given TOKEN(s). Try ALL for extremely verbose
output.
-e engineID
Set the authoritative (security) engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages. It is
typically not necessary to specify this, as it will usually be discovered automati-
cally.
-E engineID
Set the context engineID used for SNMPv3 REQUEST messages scopedPdu. If not speci-
fied, this will default to the authoritative engineID.
-h, --help
Display a brief usage message and then exit.
-H Display a list of configuration file directives understood by the command and then
exit.
-I [brRhu]
Specifies input parsing options. See INPUT OPTIONS below.
-l secLevel
Set the securityLevel used for SNMPv3 messages (noAuthNoPriv|authNoPriv|authPriv).
Appropriate pass phrase(s) must provided when using any level higher than noAuthNo-
Priv. Overrides the defSecurityLevel token in the snmp.conf file.
-L [eEfFoOsS]
Specifies output logging options. See LOGGING OPTIONS below.
-m MIBLIST
Specifies a colon separated list of MIB modules (not files) to load for this appli-
cation. This overrides (or augments) the environment variable MIBS, the snmp.conf
directive mibs, and the list of MIBs hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library.
If MIBLIST has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the MIB modules listed are
loaded in addition to the default list, coming before or after this list respec-
tively. Otherwise, the specified MIBs are loaded instead of this default list.
The special keyword ALL is used to load all MIB modules in the MIB directory search
list. Every file whose name does not begin with "." will be parsed as if it were a
MIB file.
-M DIRLIST
Specifies a colon separated list of directories to search for MIBs. This overrides
(or augments) the environment variable MIBDIRS, the snmp.conf directive mibdirs,
and the default directory hardcoded into the Net-SNMP library
(/usr/share/snmp/mibs).
If DIRLIST has a leading '-' or '+' character, then the given directories are added
to the default list, being searched before or after the directories on this list
respectively. Otherwise, the specified directories are searched instead of this
default list.
Note that the directories appearing later in the list have have precedence over
earlier ones. To avoid searching any MIB directories, set the MIBDIRS environment
variable to the empty string ("").
Note that MIBs specified using the -m option or the mibs configuration directive
will be loaded from one of the directories listed by the -M option (or equiva-
lents). The mibfile directive takes a full path to the specified MIB file, so this
does not need to be in the MIB directory search list.
-n contextName
Set the contextName used for SNMPv3 messages. The default contextName is the empty
string "". Overrides the defContext token in the snmp.conf file.
-O [abeEfnqQsStTuUvxX]
Specifies output printing options. See OUTPUT OPTIONS below.
-P [cdeRuwW]
Specifies MIB parsing options. See MIB PARSING OPTIONS below.
-r retries
Specifies the number of retries to be used in the requests. The default is 5.
-t timeout
Specifies the timeout in seconds between retries. The default is 1.
-u secName
Set the securityName used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the defSe-
curityName token in the snmp.conf file.
-v 1 | 2c | 3
Specifies the protocol version to use: 1 (RFCs 1155-1157), 2c (RFCs 1901-1908), or
3 (RFCs 2571-2574). The default is typically version 3. Overrides the defVersion
token in the snmp.conf file.
-V, --version
Display version information for the application and then exit.
-x privProtocol
Set the privacy protocol (DES or AES) used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages. Over-
rides the defPrivType token in the snmp.conf file. This option is only valid if the
Net-SNMP software was build to use OpenSSL.
-X privPassword
Set the privacy pass phrase used for encrypted SNMPv3 messages. Overrides the def-
PrivPassphrase token in the snmp.conf file. It is insecure to specify pass phrases
on the command line, see snmp.conf(5).
-Z boots,time
Set the engineBoots and engineTime used for authenticated SNMPv3 messages. This
will initialize the local notion of the agents boots/time with an authenticated
value stored in the LCD. It is typically not necessary to specify this option, as
these values will usually be discovered automatically.
-Yname="value"
--name="value"
Allows to specify any token ("name") supported in the snmp.conf file and sets its
value to "value". Overrides the corresponding token in the snmp.conf file. See
snmp.conf(5) for the full list of tokens.
AGENT SPECIFICATION
The string AGENT in the SYNOPSIS above specifies the remote SNMP entity with which to com-
municate. This specification takes the form:
[<transport-specifier>:]<transport-address>
At its simplest, the AGENT specification may consist of a hostname, or an IPv4 address in
the standard "dotted quad" notation. In this case, communication will be attempted using
UDP/IPv4 to port 161 of the given host. Otherwise, the <transport-address> part of the
specification is parsed according to the following table:
<transport-specifier> <transport-address> format
udp hostname[:port] or IPv4-address[:port]
tcp hostname[:port] or IPv4-address[:port]
unix pathname
ipx [network]:node[/port]
aal5pvc or pvc [interface.][VPI.]VCI
udp6 or udpv6 or udpipv6 hostname[:port] or IPv6-address:port or
'['IPv6-address']'[:port]
tcp6 or tcpv6 or tcpipv6 hostname[:port] or IPv6-address:port or
'['IPv6-address']'[:port]
Note that <transport-specifier> strings are case-insensitive so that, for example, "tcp"
and "TCP" are equivalent. Here are some examples, along with their interpretation:
hostname:161 perform query using UDP/IPv4 datagrams to hostname on port 161.
The ":161" is redundant here since that is the default SNMP port
in any case.
udp:hostname identical to the previous specification. The "udp:" is redundant
here since UDP/IPv4 is the default transport.
TCP:hostname:1161 connect to hostname on port 1161 using TCP/IPv4 and perform query
over that connection.
ipx::00D0B7AAE308 perform query using IPX datagrams to node number 00D0B7AAE308 on
the default network, and using the default IPX port of 36879 (900F
hexadecimal), as suggested in RFC 1906.
ipx:0AE43409:00D0B721C6C0/1161
perform query using IPX datagrams to port 1161 on node number
00D0B721C6C0 on network number 0AE43409.
unix:/tmp/local-agent connect to the Unix domain socket /tmp/local-agent, and perform
the query over that connection.
/tmp/local-agent identical to the previous specification, since the Unix domain is
the default transport iff the first character of the <transport-
address> is a '/'.
AAL5PVC:100 perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual
circuit with VPI=0 and VCI=100 (decimal) on the first ATM adapter
in the machine.
PVC:1.10.32 perform the query using AAL5 PDUs sent on the permanent virtual
circuit with VPI=10 (decimal) and VCI=32 (decimal) on the second
ATM adapter in the machine. Note that "PVC" is a synonym for
"AAL5PVC".
udp6:hostname:10161 perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 10161 on host-
name (which will be looked up as an AAAA record).
UDP6:[fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0]
perform the query using UDP/IPv6 datagrams to port 161 at address
fe80::2d0:b7ff:fe21:c6c0.
tcpipv6:[::1]:1611 connect to port 1611 on the local host (::1 in IPv6 parlance)
using TCP/IPv6 and perform query over that connection.
Note that not all the transport domains listed above will always be available; for
instance, hosts with no IPv6 support will not be able to use udp6 transport addresses, and
attempts to do so will result in the error "Unknown host". Likewise, since AAL5 PVC sup-
port is only currently available on Linux, it will fail with the same error on other plat-
forms.
MIB PARSING OPTIONS
The Net-SNMP MIB parser mostly adheres to the Structure of Management Information (SMI).
As that specification has changed through time, and in recognition of the (ahem) diversity
in compliance expressed in MIB files, additional options provide more flexibility in read-
ing MIB files.
-Pc Toggles whether ASN.1 comments should extend to the end of the MIB source line.
Strictly speaking, a second appearance of "--" should terminate the comment, but
this breaks some MIB files. The default behaviour (to interpret comments cor-
rectly) can also be set with the (misnamed) configuration token strictCommentTerm.
-Pd Disables the loading of MIB object DESCRIPTIONs when parsing MIB files. This
reduces the amount of memory used by the running application.
-Pe Toggles whether to show errors encountered when parsing MIB files. These include
references to IMPORTed modules and MIB objects that cannot be located in the MIB
directory search list. The default behaviour can also be set with the configura-
tion token showMibErrors.
-PR If the same MIB object (parent name and sub-identifier) appears multiple times in
the list of MIB definitions loaded, use the last version to be read in. By
default, the first version will be used, and any duplicates discarded. This
behaviour can also be set with the configuration token mibReplaceWithLatest.
Such ordering is normally only relevant if there are two MIB files with conflicting
object definitions for the same OID (or different revisions of the same basic MIB
object).
-Pu Toggles whether to allow the underline character in MIB object names and other sym-
bols. Strictly speaking, this is not valid SMI syntax, but some vendor MIB files
define such names. The default behaviour can also be set with the configuration
token mibAllowUnderline.
-Pw Show various warning messages in parsing MIB files and building the overall OID
tree. This can also be set with the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 1
-PW Show some additional warning messages, mostly relating to parsing individual MIB
objects. This can also be set with the configuration directive mibWarningLevel 2
OUTPUT OPTIONS
The format of the output from SNMP commands can be controlled using various parameters of
the -O flag. The effects of these sub-options can be seen by comparison with the follow-
ing default output (unless otherwise specified):
$ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost sysUpTime.0
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-Oa Display string values as ASCII strings (unless there is a DISPLAY-HINT defined for
the corresponding MIB object). By default, the library attempts to determine
whether the value is a printable or binary string, and displays it accordingly.
This option does not affect objects that do have a Display Hint.
-Ob Display table indexes numerically, rather than trying to interpret the instance
subidentifiers as string or OID values:
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -Ob localhost vacmSecurityModel
SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.3.119.101.115 = xxx
-Oe Removes the symbolic labels from enumeration values:
$ snmpget -c public -v 1 localhost ipForwarding.0
IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: forwarding(1)
$ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ipForwarding.0
IP-MIB::ipForwarding.0 = INTEGER: 1
-OE Modifies index strings to escape the quote characters:
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost vacmSecurityModel
SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0."wes" = xxx
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OE localhost vacmSecurityModel
SNMP-VIEW-BASED-ACM-MIB::vacmSecurityModel.0.\"wes\" = xxx
This allows the output to be reused in shell commands.
-Of Include the full list of MIB objects when displaying an OID:
.iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysUpTime.0 =
Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-On Displays the OID numerically:
.1.3.6.1.2.1.1.3.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-Oq Removes the equal sign and type information when displaying varbind values:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 1:15:09:27.63
-OQ Removes the type information when displaying varbind values:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 1:15:09:27.63
-Os Display the MIB object name (plus any instance or other subidentifiers):
sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-OS Display the name of the MIB, as well as the object name:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
This is the default OID output format.
-Ot Display TimeTicks values as raw numbers:
SNMPv2-MIB::sysUpTime.0 = 14096763
-OT If values are printed as Hex strings, display a printable version as well.
-Ou Display the OID in the traditional UCD-style (inherited from the original CMU
code). That means removing a series of "standard" prefixes from the OID, and dis-
playing the remaining list of MIB object names (plus any other subidentifiers):
system.sysUpTime.0 = Timeticks: (14096763) 1 day, 15:09:27.63
-OU Do not print the UNITS suffix at the end of the value.
-Ov Display the varbind value only, not the OID:
$ snmpget -c public -v 1 -Oe localhost ipForwarding.0
INTEGER: forwarding(1)
-Ox Display string values as Hex strings (unless there is a DISPLAY-HINT defined for
the corresponding MIB object). By default, the library attempts to determine
whether the value is a printable or binary string, and displays it accordingly.
This option does not affect objects that do have a Display Hint.
-OX Display table indexes in a more "program like" output, imitating a traditional
array-style index format:
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 localhost ipv6RouteTable
IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex.63.254.1.0.255.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.64.1 = INTEGER: 2
$ snmpgetnext -c public -v 1 -OE localhost ipv6RouteTable
IPv6-MIB::ipv6RouteIfIndex[3ffe:100:ff00:0:0:0:0:0][64][1] = INTEGER: 2
Most of these options can also be configured via configuration tokens. See the
snmp.conf(5) manual page for details.
LOGGING OPTIONS
The mechanism and destination to use for logging of warning and error messages can be con-
trolled by passing various parameters to the -L flag.
-Le Log messages to the standard error stream.
-Lf FILE
Log messages to the specified file.
-Lo Log messages to the standard output stream.
-Ls FACILITY
Log messages via syslog, using the specified facility ('d' for LOG_DAEMON, 'u' for
LOG_USER, or '0'-'7' for LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7).
There are also "upper case" versions of each of these options, which allow the correspond-
ing logging mechanism to be restricted to certain priorities of message. Using standard
error logging as an example:
-LE pri
will log messages of priority 'pri' and above to standard error.
-LE p1-p2
will log messages with priority between 'p1' and 'p2' (inclusive) to standard
error.
For -LF and -LS the priority specification comes before the file or facility token. The
priorities recognised are:
0 or ! for LOG_EMERG,
1 or a for LOG_ALERT,
2 or c for LOG_CRIT,
3 or e for LOG_ERR,
4 or w for LOG_WARNING,
5 or n for LOG_NOTICE,
6 or i for LOG_INFO, and
7 or d for LOG_DEBUG.
Normal output is (or will be!) logged at a priority level of LOG_NOTICE
INPUT OPTIONS
The interpretation of input object names and the values to be assigned can be controlled
using various parameters of the -I flag. The default behaviour will be described at the
end of this section.
-Ib specifies that the given name should be regarded as a regular expression, to match
(case-insensitively) against object names in the MIB tree. The "best" match will
be used - calculated as the one that matches the closest to the beginning of the
node name and the highest in the tree. For example, the MIB object vacmSecurity-
Model could be matched by the expression vacmsecuritymodel (full name, but differ-
ent case), or vacm.*model (regexp pattern).
Note that '.' is a special character in regular expression patterns, so the expres-
sion cannot specify instance subidentifiers or more than one object name. A "best
match" expression will only be applied against single MIB object names. For exam-
ple, the expression sys*ontact.0 would not match the instance sysContact.0
(although sys*ontact would match sysContact). Similarly, specifying a MIB module
name will not succeed (so SNMPv2-MIB::sys.*ontact would not match either).
-Ih disables the use of DISPLAY-HINT information when assigning values. This would
then require providing the raw value:
snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemData.0
x "07 D2 0C 0A 02 04 06 08"
instead of a formatted version:
snmpset ... HOST-RESOURCES-MIB::hrSystemDate.0
= 2002-12-10,2:4:6.8
-Ir disables checking table indexes and the value to be assigned against the relevant
MIB definitions. This will (hopefully) result in the remote agent reporting an
invalid request, rather than checking (and rejecting) this before it is sent to the
remote agent.
Local checks are more efficient (and the diagnostics provided also tend to be more
precise), but disabling this behaviour is particularly useful when testing the
remote agent.
-IR enables "random access" lookup of MIB names. Rather than providing a full OID path
to the desired MIB object (or qualifying this object with an explicit MIB module
name), the MIB tree will be searched for the matching object name. Thus
.iso.org.dod.internet.mib-2.system.sysDescr.0 (or SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0) can be
specified simply as sysDescr.0.
Warning:
Since MIB object names are not globally unique, this approach may return a
different MIB object depending on which MIB files have been loaded.
The MIB-MODULE::objectName syntax has the advantage of uniquely identifying a par-
ticular MIB object, as well as being slightly more efficient (and automatically
loading the necessary MIB file if necessary).
-Is SUFFIX
adds the specified suffix to each textual OID given on the command line. This can
be used to retrieve multiple objects from the same row of a table, by specifying a
common index value.
-IS PREFIX
adds the specified prefix to each textual OID given on the command line. This can
be used to specify an explicit MIB module name for all objects being retrieved (or
for incurably lazy typists).
-Iu enables the traditional UCD-style approach to interpreting input OIDs. This
assumes that OIDs are rooted at the 'mib-2' point in the tree (unless they start
with an explicit '.' or include a MIB module name). So the sysDescr instance above
would be referenced as system.sysDescr.0.
Object names specified with a leading '.' are always interpreted as "fully qualified"
OIDs, listing the sequence of MIB objects from the root of the MIB tree. Such objects and
those qualified by an explicit MIB module name are unaffected by the -Ib, -IR and -Iu
flags.
Otherwise, if none of the above input options are specified, the default behaviour for a
"relative" OID is to try and interpret it as an (implicitly) fully qualified OID, then
apply "random access" lookup (-IR), followed by "best match" pattern matching (-Ib).
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
PREFIX The standard prefix for object identifiers (when using UCD-style output). Defaults
to .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2
MIBS The list of MIBs to load. Defaults to SNMPv2-TC:SNMPv2-MIB:IF-MIB:IP-MIB:TCP-
MIB:UDP-MIB:SNMP-VACM-MIB. Overridden by the -m option.
MIBDIRS
The list of directories to search for MIBs. Defaults to /usr/share/snmp/mibs.
Overridden by the -M option.
FILES
/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
Agent configuration file. See snmpd.conf(5).
/etc/snmp/snmp.conf
~/.snmp/snmp.conf
Application configuration files. See snmp.conf(5).
SEE ALSO
snmpget(1), snmpgetnext(1), snmpset(1), snmpbulkget(1), snmpbulkwalk(1), snmpwalk(1),
snmptable(1), snmpnetstat(1), snmpdelta(1), snmptrap(1), snmpinform(1), snmpusm(1), snmp-
status(1), snmptest(1), snmp.conf(5).
4th Berkeley Distribution 29 Jun 2005 SNMPCMD(1)
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