tail(1) - phpMan

TAIL(1)                                   User Commands                                   TAIL(1)



NAME
       tail - output the last part of files

SYNOPSIS
       tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.  With more than one FILE, precede
       each with a header giving the file name.  With no FILE, or when FILE is -,  read  standard
       input.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       --retry
              keep  trying  to  open  a file even if it is inaccessible when tail starts or if it
              becomes inaccessible later; useful when following by name, i.e., with --follow=name

       -c, --bytes=N
              output  the  last  N bytes; alternatively, use +N to output bytes starting with the
              Nth of each file

       -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
              output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow, and  --follow=descriptor  are
              equivalent

       -F     same as --follow=name --retry

       -n, --lines=N
              output the last N lines, instead of the last 10; or use +N to output lines starting
              with the Nth

       --max-unchanged-stats=N
              with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not changed size after  N  (default  5)
              iterations  to  see  if  it has been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of
              rotated log files)

       --pid=PID
              with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies

       -q, --quiet, --silent
              never output headers giving file names

       -s, --sleep-interval=S
              with -f, sleep for approximately S seconds (default 1.0) between iterations.

       -v, --verbose
              always output headers giving file names

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       If the first character of N (the number of bytes or lines) is a `+', print beginning  with
       the  Nth  item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items in the file.
       N may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024,  MB  1000*1000,  M  1024*1024,  GB
       1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

       With  --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file descriptor, which means that even
       if a tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track its end.  This default  behavior
       is  not  desirable when you really want to track the actual name of the file, not the file
       descriptor (e.g., log rotation).  Use --follow=name in that case.   That  causes  tail  to
       track the named file by reopening it periodically to see if it has been removed and recre-
       ated by some other program.

AUTHOR
       Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Taylor, and Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report bugs to <bug-coreutils AT gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL  version  3  or
       later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
       This  is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY,
       to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO
       The full documentation for tail is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info  and  tail
       programs are properly installed at your site, the command

              info tail

       should give you access to the complete manual.



GNU coreutils 6.9.92.4-f088d-dirty         January 2008                                   TAIL(1)

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