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ZIP(1) ZIP(1)
NAME
zip, zipcloak, zipnote, zipsplit - package and compress (archive) files
SYNOPSIS
zip [-aABcdDeEfFghjklLmoqrRSTuvVwXyz!@$] [-b path] [-n suffixes] [-t mmddyyyy] [-tt mmd-
dyyyy] [ zipfile [ file1 file2 ...]] [-xi list]
zipcloak [-dhL] [-b path] zipfile
zipnote [-hwL] [-b path] zipfile
zipsplit [-hiLpst] [-n size] [-b path] zipfile
DESCRIPTION
zip is a compression and file packaging utility for Unix, VMS, MSDOS, OS/2, Windows NT,
Minix, Atari and Macintosh, Amiga and Acorn RISC OS.
It is analogous to a combination of the UNIX commands tar(1) and compress(1) and is com-
patible with PKZIP (Phil Katz's ZIP for MSDOS systems).
A companion program (unzip(1)), unpacks zip archives. The zip and unzip(1) programs can
work with archives produced by PKZIP, and PKZIP and PKUNZIP can work with archives pro-
duced by zip. zip version 2.32 is compatible with PKZIP 2.04. Note that PKUNZIP 1.10
cannot extract files produced by PKZIP 2.04 or zip 2.32. You must use PKUNZIP 2.04g or
unzip 5.0p1 (or later versions) to extract them.
For a brief help on zip and unzip, run each without specifying any parameters on the com-
mand line.
The program is useful for packaging a set of files for distribution; for archiving files;
and for saving disk space by temporarily compressing unused files or directories.
The zip program puts one or more compressed files into a single zip archive, along with
information about the files (name, path, date, time of last modification, protection, and
check information to verify file integrity). An entire directory structure can be packed
into a zip archive with a single command. Compression ratios of 2:1 to 3:1 are common for
text files. zip has one compression method (deflation) and can also store files without
compression. zip automatically chooses the better of the two for each file to be com-
pressed.
The basic command format is
zip options archive inpattern inpattern ...
where archive is a new or existing zip archive and inpattern is a directory or file path
optionally including wildcards. When given the name of an existing zip archive, zip will
replace identically named entries in the zip archive or add entries for new names. For
example, if foo.zip exists and contains foo/file1 and foo/file2, and the directory foo
contains the files foo/file1 and foo/file3, then:
zip -r foo.zip foo
or more concisely
zip -r foo foo
will replace foo/file1 in foo.zip and add foo/file3 to foo.zip. After this, foo.zip con-
tains foo/file1, foo/file2, and foo/file3, with foo/file2 unchanged from before.
If the file list is specified as -@, [Not on MacOS] zip takes the list of input files from
standard input. Under UNIX, this option can be used to powerful effect in conjunction
with the find(1) command. For example, to archive all the C source files in the current
directory and its subdirectories:
find . -name "*.[ch]" -print | zip source -@
(note that the pattern "*.[ch]" must be quoted to keep the shell from expanding it). zip
will also accept a single dash ("-") as the zip file name, in which case it will write the
zip file to standard output, allowing the output to be piped to another program. For exam-
ple:
zip -r - . | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k
would write the zip output directly to a tape with the specified block size for the pur-
pose of backing up the current directory.
zip also accepts a single dash ("-") as the name of a file to be compressed, in which case
it will read the file from standard input, allowing zip to take input from another pro-
gram. For example:
tar cf - . | zip backup -
would compress the output of the tar command for the purpose of backing up the current
directory. This generally produces better compression than the previous example using the
-r option, because zip can take advantage of redundancy between files. The backup can be
restored using the command
unzip -p backup | tar xf -
When no zip file name is given and stdout is not a terminal, zip acts as a filter, com-
pressing standard input to standard output. For example,
tar cf - . | zip | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k
is equivalent to
tar cf - . | zip - - | dd of=/dev/nrst0 obs=16k
zip archives created in this manner can be extracted with the program funzip which is pro-
vided in the unzip package, or by gunzip which is provided in the gzip package. For exam-
ple:
dd if=/dev/nrst0 ibs=16k | funzip | tar xvf -
When changing an existing zip archive, zip will write a temporary file with the new con-
tents, and only replace the old one when the process of creating the new version has been
completed without error.
If the name of the zip archive does not contain an extension, the extension .zip is added.
If the name already contains an extension other than .zip the existing extension is kept
unchanged.
OPTIONS
-a [Systems using EBCDIC] Translate file to ASCII format.
-A Adjust self-extracting executable archive. A self-extracting executable archive is
created by prepending the SFX stub to an existing archive. The -A option tells zip
to adjust the entry offsets stored in the archive to take into account this "pream-
ble" data.
Note: self-extracting archives for the Amiga are a special case. At present, only the
Amiga port of zip is capable of adjusting or updating these without corrupting them. -J
can be used to remove the SFX stub if other updates need to be made.
-B [VM/CMS and MVS] force file to be read binary (default is text).
-Bn [TANDEM] set Edit/Enscribe formatting options with n defined as
bit 0: Don't add delimiter (Edit/Enscribe)
bit 1: Use LF rather than CR/LF as delimiter (Edit/Enscribe)
bit 2: Space fill record to maximum record length (Enscribe)
bit 3: Trim trailing space (Enscribe)
bit 8: Force 30K (Expand) large read for unstructured files
-b path
Use the specified path for the temporary zip archive. For example:
zip -b /tmp stuff *
will put the temporary zip archive in the directory /tmp, copying over stuff.zip to
the current directory when done. This option is only useful when updating an exist-
ing archive, and the file system containing this old archive does not have enough
space to hold both old and new archives at the same time.
-c Add one-line comments for each file. File operations (adding, updating) are done
first, and the user is then prompted for a one-line comment for each file. Enter
the comment followed by return, or just return for no comment.
-d Remove (delete) entries from a zip archive. For example:
zip -d foo foo/tom/junk foo/harry/\* \*.o
will remove the entry foo/tom/junk, all of the files that start with foo/harry/,
and all of the files that end with .o (in any path). Note that shell pathname
expansion has been inhibited with backslashes, so that zip can see the asterisks,
enabling zip to match on the contents of the zip archive instead of the contents of
the current directory. You can also use quotes to escape wildcards, as in
zip -d foo foo/tom/junk "foo/harry/*" "*.o"
Under systems where the shell does not expand wildcards, such as MSDOS, the back-
slashes are not needed. The above would then be
zip -d foo foo/tom/junk foo/harry/* *.o
Under MSDOS, -d is case sensitive when it matches names in the zip archive. This
requires that file names be entered in upper case if they were zipped by PKZIP on
an MSDOS system.
-df [MacOS] Include only data-fork of files zipped into the archive. Good for export-
ing files to foreign operating-systems. Resource-forks will be ignored at all.
-D Do not create entries in the zip archive for directories. Directory entries are
created by default so that their attributes can be saved in the zip archive. The
environment variable ZIPOPT can be used to change the default options. For example
under Unix with sh:
ZIPOPT="-D"; export ZIPOPT
(The variable ZIPOPT can be used for any option except -i and -x and can include
several options.) The option -D is a shorthand for -x "*/" but the latter cannot be
set as default in the ZIPOPT environment variable.
-e Encrypt the contents of the zip archive using a password which is entered on the
terminal in response to a prompt (this will not be echoed; if standard error is not
a tty, zip will exit with an error). The password prompt is repeated to save the
user from typing errors. Note that this encrypts with standard pkzip encryption
which is considered weak.
-E [OS/2] Use the .LONGNAME Extended Attribute (if found) as filename.
-f Replace (freshen) an existing entry in the zip archive only if it has been modified
more recently than the version already in the archive; unlike the update option
(-u) this will not add files that are not already in the zip archive. For example:
zip -f foo
This command should be run from the same directory from which the original zip com-
mand was run, since paths stored in zip archives are always relative.
Note that the timezone environment variable TZ should be set according to the local
timezone in order for the -f , -u and -o options to work correctly. The reasons
behind this are somewhat subtle but have to do with the differences between the
Unix-format file times (always in GMT) and most of the other operating systems
(always local time) and the necessity to compare the two. A typical TZ value is
``MET-1MEST'' (Middle European time with automatic adjustment for ``summertime'' or
Daylight Savings Time).
-F Fix the zip archive. This option can be used if some portions of the archive are
missing. It is not guaranteed to work, so you MUST make a backup of the original
archive first.
When doubled as in -FF the compressed sizes given inside the damaged archive are
not trusted and zip scans for special signatures to identify the limits between the
archive members. The single -F is more reliable if the archive is not too much dam-
aged, for example if it has only been truncated, so try this option first.
Neither option will recover archives that have been incorrectly transferred in
ascii mode instead of binary. After the repair, the -t option of unzip may show
that some files have a bad CRC. Such files cannot be recovered; you can remove them
from the archive using the -d option of zip.
-g Grow (append to) the specified zip archive, instead of creating a new one. If this
operation fails, zip attempts to restore the archive to its original state. If the
restoration fails, the archive might become corrupted. This option is ignored when
there's no existing archive or when at least one archive member must be updated or
deleted.
-h Display the zip help information (this also appears if zip is run with no argu-
ments).
-i files
Include only the specified files, as in:
zip -r foo . -i \*.c
which will include only the files that end in .c in the current directory and its
subdirectories. (Note for PKZIP users: the equivalent command is
pkzip -rP foo *.c
PKZIP does not allow recursion in directories other than the current one.) The
backslash avoids the shell filename substitution, so that the name matching is per-
formed by zip at all directory levels. Not escaping wildcards on shells that do
wildcard substitution before zip gets the command line may seem to work but files
in subdirectories matching the pattern will never be checked and so not matched.
For shells, such as Win32 command prompts, that do not replace file patterns con-
taining wildcards with the respective file names, zip will do the recursion and
escaping the wildcards is not needed.
Also possible:
zip -r foo . -i AT include.lst
which will only include the files in the current directory and its subdirectories
that match the patterns in the file include.lst, one file pattern per line.
-I [Acorn RISC OS] Don't scan through Image files. When used, zip will not consider
Image files (eg. DOS partitions or Spark archives when SparkFS is loaded) as direc-
tories but will store them as single files.
For example, if you have SparkFS loaded, zipping a Spark archive will result in a
zipfile containing a directory (and its content) while using the 'I' option will
result in a zipfile containing a Spark archive. Obviously this second case will
also be obtained (without the 'I' option) if SparkFS isn't loaded.
-j Store just the name of a saved file (junk the path), and do not store directory
names. By default, zip will store the full path (relative to the current path).
-jj [MacOS] record Fullpath (+ Volname). The complete path including volume will be
stored. By default the relative path will be stored.
-J Strip any prepended data (e.g. a SFX stub) from the archive.
-k Attempt to convert the names and paths to conform to MSDOS, store only the MSDOS
attribute (just the user write attribute from UNIX), and mark the entry as made
under MSDOS (even though it was not); for compatibility with PKUNZIP under MSDOS
which cannot handle certain names such as those with two dots.
-l Translate the Unix end-of-line character LF into the MSDOS convention CR LF. This
option should not be used on binary files. This option can be used on Unix if the
zip file is intended for PKUNZIP under MSDOS. If the input files already contain CR
LF, this option adds an extra CR. This ensures that unzip -a on Unix will get back
an exact copy of the original file, to undo the effect of zip -l. See the note on
binary detection for -ll below.
-ll Translate the MSDOS end-of-line CR LF into Unix LF. This option should not be used
on binary files and a warning will be issued when a file is converted that later is
detected to be binary. This option can be used on MSDOS if the zip file is
intended for unzip under Unix.
In Zip 2.31 and later, binary detection has been changed from a simple percentage
of binary characters being considered binary to a more selective method that should
consider files in many character sets, including UTF-8, that only include text
characters in that character set to be text. This allows unzip -a to convert these
files.
-L Display the zip license.
-m Move the specified files into the zip archive; actually, this deletes the target
directories/files after making the specified zip archive. If a directory becomes
empty after removal of the files, the directory is also removed. No deletions are
done until zip has created the archive without error. This is useful for conserv-
ing disk space, but is potentially dangerous so it is recommended to use it in com-
bination with -T to test the archive before removing all input files.
-MM All input patterns must match at least one file and all input files found must be
readable. Normally when an input pattern does not match a file the "name not
matched" warning is issued and when an input file has been found but later is miss-
ing or not readable a missing or not readable warning is issued. In either case
zip continues creating the archive, with missing or unreadable new files being
skipped and files already in the archive remaining unchanged. After the archive is
created, if any files were not readable zip returns the OPEN error code (18 on most
systems) instead of the normal success return (0 on most systems). With -MM set,
zip exits as soon as an input pattern is not matched (whenever the "name not
matched" warning would be issued) or when an input file is not readable. In either
case zip exits with an OPEN error and no archive is created.
This option is useful when a known list of files is to be zipped so any missing or
unreadable files will result in an error. It is less useful when used with wild-
cards, but zip will still exit with an error if any input pattern doesn't match at
least one file and if any matched files are unreadable. If you want to create the
archive anyway and only need to know if files were skipped, don't use -MM and just
check the return code.
-n suffixes
Do not attempt to compress files named with the given suffixes. Such files are
simply stored (0% compression) in the output zip file, so that zip doesn't waste
its time trying to compress them. The suffixes are separated by either colons or
semicolons. For example:
zip -rn .Z:.zip:.tiff:.gif:.snd foo foo
will copy everything from foo into foo.zip, but will store any files that end in
.Z, .zip, .tiff, .gif, or .snd without trying to compress them (image and sound
files often have their own specialized compression methods). By default, zip does
not compress files with extensions in the list .Z:.zip:.zoo:.arc:.lzh:.arj. Such
files are stored directly in the output archive. The environment variable ZIPOPT
can be used to change the default options. For example under Unix with csh:
setenv ZIPOPT "-n .gif:.zip"
To attempt compression on all files, use:
zip -n : foo
The maximum compression option -9 also attempts compression on all files regardless
of extension.
On Acorn RISC OS systems the suffixes are actually filetypes (3 hex digit format).
By default, zip does not compress files with filetypes in the list DDC:D96:68E
(i.e. Archives, CFS files and PackDir files).
-N [Amiga, MacOS] Save Amiga or MacOS filenotes as zipfile comments. They can be
restored by using the -N option of unzip. If -c is used also, you are prompted for
comments only for those files that do not have filenotes.
-o Set the "last modified" time of the zip archive to the latest (oldest) "last modi-
fied" time found among the entries in the zip archive. This can be used without
any other operations, if desired. For example:
zip -o foo
will change the last modified time of foo.zip to the latest time of the entries in
foo.zip.
-P password
use password to encrypt zipfile entries (if any). THIS IS INSECURE! Many multi-
user operating systems provide ways for any user to see the current command line of
any other user; even on stand-alone systems there is always the threat of over-the-
shoulder peeking. Storing the plaintext password as part of a command line in an
automated script is even worse. Whenever possible, use the non-echoing, interac-
tive prompt to enter passwords. (And where security is truly important, use strong
encryption such as Pretty Good Privacy instead of the relatively weak encryption
provided by standard zipfile utilities.)
-q Quiet mode; eliminate informational messages and comment prompts. (Useful, for
example, in shell scripts and background tasks).
-Qn [QDOS] store information about the file in the file header with n defined as
bit 0: Don't add headers for any file
bit 1: Add headers for all files
bit 2: Don't wait for interactive key press on exit
-r Travel the directory structure recursively; for example:
zip -r foo.zip foo
or a bit more concisely
zip -r foo foo
In this case, all the files and directories in foo are saved in a zip archive named
foo.zip, including files with names starting with ".", since the recursion does not
use the shell's file-name substitution mechanism. If you wish to include only a
specific subset of the files in directory foo and its subdirectories, use the -i
option to specify the pattern of files to be included. You should not use -r with
the name ".*", since that matches ".." which will attempt to zip up the parent
directory (probably not what was intended).
-R Travel the directory structure recursively starting at the current directory; for
example:
zip -R foo '*.c'
In this case, all the files matching *.c in the tree starting at the current direc-
tory are stored into a zip archive named foo.zip. Note for PKZIP users: the equiv-
alent command is
pkzip -rP foo *.c
-S [MSDOS, OS/2, WIN32 and ATARI] Include system and hidden files.
[MacOS] Includes finder invisible files, which are ignored otherwise.
-t mmddyyyy
Do not operate on files modified prior to the specified date, where mm is the month
(0-12), dd is the day of the month (1-31), and yyyy is the year. The ISO 8601 date
format yyyy-mm-dd is also accepted. For example:
zip -rt 12071991 infamy foo
zip -rt 1991-12-07 infamy foo
will add all the files in foo and its subdirectories that were last modified on or
after 7 December 1991, to the zip archive infamy.zip.
-tt mmddyyyy
Do not operate on files modified after or at the specified date, where mm is the
month (0-12), dd is the day of the month (1-31), and yyyy is the year. The ISO
8601 date format yyyy-mm-dd is also accepted. For example:
zip -rtt 11301995 infamy foo
zip -rtt 1995-11-30 infamy foo
will add all the files in foo and its subdirectories that were last modified before
30 November 1995, to the zip archive infamy.zip.
-T Test the integrity of the new zip file. If the check fails, the old zip file is
unchanged and (with the -m option) no input files are removed.
-u Replace (update) an existing entry in the zip archive only if it has been modified
more recently than the version already in the zip archive. For example:
zip -u stuff *
will add any new files in the current directory, and update any files which have
been modified since the zip archive stuff.zip was last created/modified (note that
zip will not try to pack stuff.zip into itself when you do this).
Note that the -u option with no arguments acts like the -f (freshen) option.
-v Verbose mode or print diagnostic version info.
Normally, when applied to real operations, this option enables the display of a
progress indicator during compression and requests verbose diagnostic info about
zipfile structure oddities.
When -v is the only command line argument, and either stdin or stdout is not redi-
rected to a file, a diagnostic screen is printed. In addition to the help screen
header with program name, version, and release date, some pointers to the Info-ZIP
home and distribution sites are given. Then, it shows information about the target
environment (compiler type and version, OS version, compilation date and the
enabled optional features used to create the zip executable.
-V [VMS] Save VMS file attributes and use portable form. zip archives created with
this option are truncated at EOF but still may not be usable on other systems
depending on the file types being zipped.
-VV [VMS] Save VMS file attributes. zip archives created with this option include the
entire file and should be able to recreate most VMS files on VMS systems but these
archives will generally not be usable on other systems.
-w [VMS] Append the version number of the files to the name, including multiple ver-
sions of files. (default: use only the most recent version of a specified file).
-x files
Explicitly exclude the specified files, as in:
zip -r foo foo -x \*.o
which will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while excluding all the files
that end in .o. The backslash avoids the shell filename substitution, so that the
name matching is performed by zip at all directory levels. If you do not escape
wildcards in patterns it may seem to work but files in subdirectories will not be
checked for matches.
Also possible:
zip -r foo foo -x AT exclude.lst
which will include the contents of foo in foo.zip while excluding all the files
that match the patterns in the file exclude.lst (each file pattern on a separate
line).
-X Do not save extra file attributes (Extended Attributes on OS/2, uid/gid and file
times on Unix).
-y Store symbolic links as such in the zip archive, instead of compressing and storing
the file referred to by the link (UNIX only).
-z Prompt for a multi-line comment for the entire zip archive. The comment is ended
by a line containing just a period, or an end of file condition (^D on UNIX, ^Z on
MSDOS, OS/2, and VMS). The comment can be taken from a file:
zip -z foo < foowhat
-# Regulate the speed of compression using the specified digit #, where -0 indicates
no compression (store all files), -1 indicates the fastest compression method (less
compression) and -9 indicates the slowest compression method (optimal compression,
ignores the suffix list). The default compression level is -6.
-! [WIN32] Use privileges (if granted) to obtain all aspects of WinNT security.
-@ Take the list of input files from standard input. Only one filename per line.
-$ [MSDOS, OS/2, WIN32] Include the volume label for the drive holding the first file
to be compressed. If you want to include only the volume label or to force a spe-
cific drive, use the drive name as first file name, as in:
zip -$ foo a: c:bar
EXAMPLES
The simplest example:
zip stuff *
creates the archive stuff.zip (assuming it does not exist) and puts all the files in the
current directory in it, in compressed form (the .zip suffix is added automatically,
unless that archive name given contains a dot already; this allows the explicit specifica-
tion of other suffixes).
Because of the way the shell does filename substitution, files starting with "." are not
included; to include these as well:
zip stuff .* *
Even this will not include any subdirectories from the current directory.
To zip up an entire directory, the command:
zip -r foo foo
creates the archive foo.zip, containing all the files and directories in the directory foo
that is contained within the current directory.
You may want to make a zip archive that contains the files in foo, without recording the
directory name, foo. You can use the -j option to leave off the paths, as in:
zip -j foo foo/*
If you are short on disk space, you might not have enough room to hold both the original
directory and the corresponding compressed zip archive. In this case, you can create the
archive in steps using the -m option. If foo contains the subdirectories tom, dick, and
harry, you can:
zip -rm foo foo/tom
zip -rm foo foo/dick
zip -rm foo foo/harry
where the first command creates foo.zip, and the next two add to it. At the completion of
each zip command, the last created archive is deleted, making room for the next zip com-
mand to function.
PATTERN MATCHING
This section applies only to UNIX, though the ?, *, and [] special characters are imple-
mented on other systems including MSDOS and Win32. Watch this space for details on MSDOS
and VMS operation.
The UNIX shells (sh(1) and csh(1)) do filename substitution on command arguments. The
special characters are:
? match any single character
* match any number of characters (including none)
[] match any character in the range indicated within the brackets (example: [a-f],
[0-9]).
When these characters are encountered (without being escaped with a backslash or quotes),
the shell will look for files relative to the current path that match the pattern, and
replace the argument with a list of the names that matched.
The zip program can do the same matching on names that are in the zip archive being modi-
fied or, in the case of the -x (exclude) or -i (include) options, on the list of files to
be operated on, by using backslashes or quotes to tell the shell not to do the name expan-
sion. In general, when zip encounters a name in the list of files to do, it first looks
for the name in the file system. If it finds it, it then adds it to the list of files to
do. If it does not find it, it looks for the name in the zip archive being modified (if
it exists), using the pattern matching characters described above, if present. For each
match, it will add that name to the list of files to be processed, unless this name
matches one given with the -x option, or does not match any name given with the -i option.
The pattern matching includes the path, and so patterns like \*.o match names that end in
".o", no matter what the path prefix is. Note that the backslash must precede every
special character (i.e. ?*[]), or the entire argument must be enclosed in double quotes
("").
In general, use backslash to make zip do the pattern matching with the -f (freshen) and -d
(delete) options, and sometimes after the -x (exclude) option when used with an appropri-
ate operation (add, -u, -f, or -d).
ENVIRONMENT
ZIPOPT contains default options that will be used when running zip
ZIP [Not on RISC OS and VMS] see ZIPOPT
Zip$Options
[RISC OS] see ZIPOPT
Zip$Exts
[RISC OS] contains extensions separated by a : that will cause native filenames
with one of the specified extensions to be added to the zip file with basename and
extension swapped. zip
ZIP_OPTS
[VMS] see ZIPOPT
SEE ALSO
compress(1), shar(1), tar(1), unzip(1), gzip(1)
DIAGNOSTICS
The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by PKWARE and takes
on the following values, except under VMS:
0 normal; no errors or warnings detected.
2 unexpected end of zip file.
3 a generic error in the zipfile format was detected. Processing may have
completed successfully anyway; some broken zipfiles created by other
archivers have simple work-arounds.
4 zip was unable to allocate memory for one or more buffers during program
initialization.
5 a severe error in the zipfile format was detected. Processing probably
failed immediately.
6 entry too large to split (with zipsplit), read, or write
7 invalid comment format
8 zip -T failed or out of memory
9 the user aborted zip prematurely with control-C (or similar)
10 zip encountered an error while using a temp file
11 read or seek error
12 zip has nothing to do
13 missing or empty zip file
14 error writing to a file
15 zip was unable to create a file to write to
16 bad command line parameters
18 zip could not open a specified file to read
VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other, scarier-looking things, so
zip instead maps them into VMS-style status codes. The current mapping is as follows: 1
(success) for normal exit,
and (0x7fff000? + 16*normal_zip_exit_status) for all errors, where the `?' is 0 (warning)
for zip value 12, 2 (error) for the zip values 3, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 18, and 4 (fatal error)
for the remaining ones.
BUGS
zip 2.32 is not compatible with PKUNZIP 1.10. Use zip 1.1 to produce zip files which can
be extracted by PKUNZIP 1.10.
zip files produced by zip 2.32 must not be updated by zip 1.1 or PKZIP 1.10, if they con-
tain encrypted members or if they have been produced in a pipe or on a non-seekable
device. The old versions of zip or PKZIP would create an archive with an incorrect format.
The old versions can list the contents of the zip file but cannot extract it anyway
(because of the new compression algorithm). If you do not use encryption and use regular
disk files, you do not have to care about this problem.
Under VMS, not all of the odd file formats are treated properly. Only stream-LF format
zip files are expected to work with zip. Others can be converted using Rahul Dhesi's BILF
program. This version of zip handles some of the conversion internally. When using Ker-
mit to transfer zip files from Vax to MSDOS, type "set file type block" on the Vax. When
transferring from MSDOS to Vax, type "set file type fixed" on the Vax. In both cases,
type "set file type binary" on MSDOS.
Under VMS, zip hangs for file specification that uses DECnet syntax foo::*.*.
On OS/2, zip cannot match some names, such as those including an exclamation mark or a
hash sign. This is a bug in OS/2 itself: the 32-bit DosFindFirst/Next don't find such
names. Other programs such as GNU tar are also affected by this bug.
Under OS/2, the amount of Extended Attributes displayed by DIR is (for compatibility) the
amount returned by the 16-bit version of DosQueryPathInfo(). Otherwise OS/2 1.3 and 2.0
would report different EA sizes when DIRing a file. However, the structure layout
returned by the 32-bit DosQueryPathInfo() is a bit different, it uses extra padding bytes
and link pointers (it's a linked list) to have all fields on 4-byte boundaries for porta-
bility to future RISC OS/2 versions. Therefore the value reported by zip (which uses this
32-bit-mode size) differs from that reported by DIR. zip stores the 32-bit format for
portability, even the 16-bit MS-C-compiled version running on OS/2 1.3, so even this one
shows the 32-bit-mode size.
Development of zip 3.0 and unzip 6.0 are underway. See those source distributions for
many new features and the latest bug fixes.
AUTHORS
Copyright (C) 1997-2006 Info-ZIP.
Copyright (C) 1990-1997 Mark Adler, Richard B. Wales, Jean-loup Gailly, Onno van der Lin-
den, Kai Uwe Rommel, Igor Mandrichenko, John Bush and Paul Kienitz. Permission is granted
to any individual or institution to use, copy, or redistribute this software so long as
all of the original files are included, that it is not sold for profit, and that this
copyright notice is retained.
LIKE ANYTHING ELSE THAT'S FREE, ZIP AND ITS ASSOCIATED UTILITIES ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND
COME WITH NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. IN NO EVENT WILL THE COPY-
RIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
Please send bug reports and comments to: zip-bugs at www.info-zip.org. For bug reports,
please include the version of zip (see zip -h), the make options used to compile it (see
zip -v), the machine and operating system in use, and as much additional information as
possible.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to R. P. Byrne for his Shrink.Pas program, which inspired this project, and from
which the shrink algorithm was stolen; to Phil Katz for placing in the public domain the
zip file format, compression format, and .ZIP filename extension, and for accepting minor
changes to the file format; to Steve Burg for clarifications on the deflate format; to
Haruhiko Okumura and Leonid Broukhis for providing some useful ideas for the compression
algorithm; to Keith Petersen, Rich Wales, Hunter Goatley and Mark Adler for providing a
mailing list and ftp site for the Info-ZIP group to use; and most importantly, to the
Info-ZIP group itself (listed in the file infozip.who) without whose tireless testing and
bug-fixing efforts a portable zip would not have been possible. Finally we should thank
(blame) the first Info-ZIP moderator, David Kirschbaum, for getting us into this mess in
the first place. The manual page was rewritten for UNIX by R. P. C. Rodgers.
Info-ZIP 19 June 2006 (v2.32) ZIP(1)
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